Dreams of Declassification: The Early Cold War Quest for Nuclear Knowledge in The Netherlands and Norway

IF 0.1 3区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Machiel Kleemans
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Abstract

This article seeks to explore the relation between nuclear physics and secrecy in early Cold War Europe. After World War II, nuclear physics re-emerged from the Manhattan Project as a largely classified field. Over time, the boundary between secret and unclassified information set by the United States moved due to both political and scientific developments. This shifting boundary of secrecy is taken as a place to investigate power relations in the context of Cold War Science. The Netherlands and Norway are two countries with early nuclear programs that tried to move this boundary, in part by building a joint reactor in 1951. Whereas they requested classified information from the US in 1946, their programs developed to a point where the US made requests to classify nuclear information in Europe by 1960. Between 1954 and 1960, the joint reactor program became the site of a multilateral intelligence operation. Secrecy was used as an intelligence tool to spread nuclear disinformation to the Soviet Union. This history shows how (de)classification opened and closed windows of opportunity and sheds light on the effectiveness of classification.

Abstract Image

解密之梦:冷战早期在荷兰和挪威对核知识的探索
本文旨在探讨冷战初期欧洲核物理学与保密的关系。第二次世界大战后,核物理从曼哈顿计划中重新出现,成为一个很大程度上保密的领域。随着时间的推移,由于政治和科学的发展,美国设定的秘密和非机密信息之间的界限发生了变化。在冷战科学的背景下,这种不断变化的秘密边界被视为研究权力关系的场所。荷兰和挪威是两个拥有早期核项目的国家,它们试图突破这一界限,在某种程度上是在1951年建造了一座联合反应堆。1946年,他们要求美国提供机密信息,到1960年,他们的计划发展到美国要求欧洲提供机密核信息的地步。1954年至1960年间,联合反应堆项目成为多边情报行动的场所。秘密被用作向苏联传播核虚假信息的情报工具。这段历史显示了(de)分类如何打开和关闭机会之窗,并阐明了分类的有效性。
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来源期刊
Physics in Perspective
Physics in Perspective 物理-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Physics in Perspective seeks to bridge the gulf between physicists and non-physicists through historical and philosophical studies that typically display the unpredictable as well as the cross-disciplinary interplay of observation, experiment, and theory that has occurred over extended periods of time in academic, governmental, and industrial settings and in allied disciplines such as astrophysics, chemical physics, and geophysics. The journal also publishes first-person accounts by physicists of significant contributions they have made, biographical articles, book reviews, and guided tours of historical sites in cities throughout the world. It strives to make all articles understandable to a broad spectrum of readers – scientists, teachers, students, and the public at large. Bibliographic Data Phys. Perspect. 1 volume per year, 4 issues per volume approx. 500 pages per volume Format: 15.5 x 23.5cm ISSN 1422-6944 (print) ISSN 1422-6960 (electronic)
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