The Iconography of Connectivity Between the Hohokam World and Its Southern Neighbors

IF 4.2 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY
Aaron M. Wright
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Abstract

Archaeologists have long compared the Hohokam world of the North American Southwest to contemporary traditions in Mesoamerica and West Mexico. A degree of cultural connectivity between the Southwest and Mesoamerica is evident in similarities in public architecture, ceramic technology and design, ritual paraphernalia, and subsistence, among other qualities. Researchers commonly frame this connectivity in economic or cultural evolutionary terms that position Hohokam communities as somehow descendant from or dependent on more complexly and hierarchically organized societies far to the south. In this paper, I examine this connectivity through the lens of iconography to show that shared religious themes and archetypes were strands within the nexus. I focus on three iconographic subjects in Hohokam media—serpents, flowers, and “pipettes”—each of which materializes seemingly Mesoamerican religious concepts. From a careful consideration of the inception and breadth of each, I argue that Hohokam artisans began to portray these subjects in concert with a religious revitalization movement that drew a degree of inspiration from the south. However, while the iconography may have been new to Hohokam media, the religious themes were not. I show that the iconography references Archaic religious archetypes and cosmological principles that probably accompanied the spread of agriculture millennia before the formation of the Hohokam world. Rather than representing a new religion, I suggest Hohokam artisans materialized these long-established and unquestioned principles in novel iconographic ways as a means of naturalizing and ordaining the rapid social change that accompanied the religious revitalization movement.

霍霍坎世界与南方邻国之间连通性的图像学
长期以来,考古学家一直将北美西南部的霍霍坎世界与中美洲和西墨西哥的当代传统进行比较。在公共建筑、陶瓷技术和设计、仪式用具和生活用品等方面,西南地区和中美洲之间存在一定程度的文化联系。研究人员通常从经济或文化进化的角度来定义这种联系,认为霍霍坎社区在某种程度上是南方更复杂、层级更分明的社会的后裔或依赖者。在本文中,我通过肖像学的镜头来研究这种联系,以表明共享的宗教主题和原型是联系中的线索。我专注于霍霍卡姆媒体中的三个图像主题——蛇、花和“移液管”——每一个似乎都体现了中美洲的宗教观念。通过对每幅作品的起源和广度的仔细考虑,我认为霍霍坎的工匠们开始描绘这些主题是与一场宗教复兴运动相一致的,这场运动从南方获得了一定程度的灵感。然而,虽然图像对霍霍坎媒体来说可能是新的,但宗教主题却不是。我指出,这些图像参考了古代的宗教原型和宇宙学原理,它们可能伴随着农业的传播,在霍霍坎世界形成之前的几千年。而不是代表一个新的宗教,我认为霍霍坎工匠物质化这些长期建立和毋庸置疑的原则,以新颖的图像方式,作为一种手段,自然化和任命伴随宗教复兴运动的快速社会变革。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.20
自引率
7.90%
发文量
9
期刊介绍: Journal of Archaeological Research publishes the most recent international research summaries on a broad range of topics and geographical areas. The articles are intended to present the current state-of-the-discipline in regard to a particular geographic area or specific research topic or theme. This authoritative review journal improves access to the growing body of information and literature through the publication of original critical articles, each in a 25-40 page format.2-Year Impact Factor: 4.056 (2017) 5-Year Impact Factor: 4.512 (2017)2 out of 85 on the Anthropology listIncluded in the European Reference Index for the Humanities (ERIH) PLUS The European Reference Index for the Humanities and the Social Sciences (ERIH PLUS) was created and developed by European researchers under the coordination of the Standing Committee for the Humanities (SCH) of the European Science Foundation (ESF). https://dbh.nsd.uib.no/publiseringskanaler/erihplus/about/indexSCImago Journal and Country Rank (SJR) 2018: 1.7102 out of 263 on the Archeology (Arts and Humanities) list3 out of 254 on the Archeology list2 out of 131 on the General Arts and Humanities listSJR is a measure of the journal’s relative impact in its field, based on its number of citations and number of articles per publication year.Source Normalised Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2018: 2.112The SNIP measures contextual citation impact by weighting citations based on the total number of citations in a subject field. The impact of a single citation is given higher value in subject areas where citations are less likely, and vice versa.CiteScore 2018: 3.86Rated ''A'' in the Australian Research Council Humanities and Creative Arts Journal List.  For more information, visit: http://www.arc.gov.au/era/journal_list.htm  SCImago Journal and Country Rank (SJR) 2011   1.227 Archeology 1 out of 96 Archeology (Arts and Humanities) 1 out of 59 Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) 1 out of 243
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