Options to improve the carbon balance of the harvested wood products sector in four EU countries

IF 5.9 3区 工程技术 Q1 AGRONOMY
Nicola Bozzolan, Giacomo Grassi, Frits Mohren, Gert-Jan Nabuurs
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Abstract

Harvested wood products (HWP) may contribute to climate change mitigation by storing carbon and by replacing energy-intensive materials and fossil energy, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, when assessing improved HWP utilisations, interactions between wood use pathways, the carbon stock dynamics, and the resulting effect on the GHG balance are still not well-understood. This research aims to assess the carbon sequestration effects of alternative wood product utilisations in four European Union (EU) countries. We conducted a material flow analysis of wood uses in France, Finland, Germany, and Spain for 2017 taking into account national production, imports, and exports. Then, we quantified the future dynamics of carbon stock in the HWP through time, assuming the same as in 2017 input and ignoring the forest sink. We then ran six alternative scenarios: two energy-focused (Energy, Energy+), two material-focused (Cascading, Material), one with extended half-life of the wood products (HL) and one as business as usual. For the simulation period (2020–2050), the material scenario leads to the highest mitigation benefits with a cumulative HWP net CO2 removals of −502 Mt CO2 for Germany, −290 Mt CO2 for France, −118 Mt CO2 for Spain, and −116 Mt CO2 for Finland over the 30 years. The Energy+ scenario with an increase in wood usage for bioenergy generates a loss of the HWP pool of 351, 80, 77, and 6 Mt CO2 for the same countries, not accounting for energy substitution effects. Overall, our results suggest that the HWP carbon stock can be increased in the short-medium term by prioritizing the use of wood for material purposes, while maintaining constant harvest. The HWP mitigation potential differed greatly according to national wood industry characteristics. Hence, tailoring the HWP mitigation strategies to the specific characteristics of the national wood chain would enhance the HWP climate benefits.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

改善四个欧盟国家采伐木材产品部门碳平衡的方案
采伐木制品可通过储存碳和替代能源密集型材料和化石能源,减少温室气体排放,从而有助于减缓气候变化。然而,在评估提高的林木产量利用率时,木材利用途径、碳储量动态以及由此产生的对温室气体平衡的影响之间的相互作用仍然没有得到很好的理解。本研究旨在评估四个欧盟国家替代木材产品利用的碳固存效应。2017年,我们对法国、芬兰、德国和西班牙的木材使用进行了材料流分析,同时考虑了各国的生产、进口和出口。然后,假设与2017年的输入相同,忽略森林汇,我们量化了HWP碳储量随时间的变化趋势。然后,我们运行了六种替代方案:两种以能源为重点(能源,能源+),两种以材料为重点(层叠,材料),一种延长木制品的半衰期(HL),一种照常营业。在模拟期间(2020-2050年),材料情景带来的减缓效益最高,30年间德国的累计HWP净CO2清除率为- 5.02亿吨CO2,法国为- 2.9亿吨CO2,西班牙为- 1.18亿吨CO2,芬兰为- 1.16亿吨CO2。在“能源+”情景下,随着生物能源木材使用量的增加,同一国家的HWP池损失分别为351,80,77,600万吨二氧化碳,其中不考虑能源替代效应。总体而言,我们的研究结果表明,在保持恒定收获的同时,优先利用木材作为材料目的,可以在中短期内增加HWP碳储量。不同国家木材工业的特点不同,HWP的缓解潜力差异很大。因此,根据国家木材链的具体特点调整林木产量减缓战略将提高林木产量的气候效益。
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来源期刊
Global Change Biology Bioenergy
Global Change Biology Bioenergy AGRONOMY-ENERGY & FUELS
CiteScore
10.30
自引率
7.10%
发文量
96
审稿时长
1.5 months
期刊介绍: GCB Bioenergy is an international journal publishing original research papers, review articles and commentaries that promote understanding of the interface between biological and environmental sciences and the production of fuels directly from plants, algae and waste. The scope of the journal extends to areas outside of biology to policy forum, socioeconomic analyses, technoeconomic analyses and systems analysis. Papers do not need a global change component for consideration for publication, it is viewed as implicit that most bioenergy will be beneficial in avoiding at least a part of the fossil fuel energy that would otherwise be used. Key areas covered by the journal: Bioenergy feedstock and bio-oil production: energy crops and algae their management,, genomics, genetic improvements, planting, harvesting, storage, transportation, integrated logistics, production modeling, composition and its modification, pests, diseases and weeds of feedstocks. Manuscripts concerning alternative energy based on biological mimicry are also encouraged (e.g. artificial photosynthesis). Biological Residues/Co-products: from agricultural production, forestry and plantations (stover, sugar, bio-plastics, etc.), algae processing industries, and municipal sources (MSW). Bioenergy and the Environment: ecosystem services, carbon mitigation, land use change, life cycle assessment, energy and greenhouse gas balances, water use, water quality, assessment of sustainability, and biodiversity issues. Bioenergy Socioeconomics: examining the economic viability or social acceptability of crops, crops systems and their processing, including genetically modified organisms [GMOs], health impacts of bioenergy systems. Bioenergy Policy: legislative developments affecting biofuels and bioenergy. Bioenergy Systems Analysis: examining biological developments in a whole systems context.
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