Rethinking Assistive Technologies: Users, Environments, Digital Media, and App-Practices of Hearing

IF 1.1 4区 哲学 Q3 ETHICS
Beate Ochsner, Markus Spöhrer, Robert Stock
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Against the backdrop of an aging world population increasingly affected by a diverse range of abilities and disabilities as well as the rise of ubiquitous computing and digital app cultures, this paper questions how mobile technologies mediate between heterogeneous environments and sensing beings. To approach the current technological manufacturing of the senses, two lines of thought are of importance: First, there is a need to critically reflect upon the concept of assistive technologies (AT) as artifacts providing tangible solutions for a specific disability. Second, the conventional distinction between user and environment requires a differentiated consideration. This contribution will first review James Gibson’s concept of “affordances” and modify this approach by introducing theories and methods of Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Actor-Network Theory (ANT). Then, we present two case studies where we explore the relations between recent “assistive” app technologies and human sensory perception. As hearing and seeing are key in this regard, we concentrate on two specific media technologies: ReSound LINX2, a hearing aid which allows for direct connect (via Bluetooth) with iPhone, iPad, or iPod Touch, and Camassia, an IOS app for sonic wayfinding for blind people. We emphasize the significance of dis-/abling practices for manufacturing novel forms of hearing and seeing and drawing on sources like promotional materials by manufacturers, ads, or user testimonials and reviews. Our analysis is interested in the reciprocal relationships between users and their socio-technical and media environments. By and large, this contribution will provide crucial insights into the contemporary entanglement of algorithm-driven technologies, daily practices, and sensing subjects: the production of techno-sensory arrangements.

重新思考辅助技术:用户、环境、数字媒体和听力应用实践
在世界人口老龄化的背景下,越来越多的人受到各种能力和残疾的影响,以及无处不在的计算和数字应用程序文化的兴起,本文质疑移动技术如何在异质环境和感知生物之间进行调解。要接近当前的感官制造技术,两条思路是重要的:首先,需要批判性地反思辅助技术(AT)作为为特定残疾提供切实解决方案的人工制品的概念。其次,用户和环境之间的传统区别需要有区别的考虑。本文将首先回顾詹姆斯·吉布森的“可视性”概念,并通过引入科学技术研究(STS)和行动者网络理论(ANT)的理论和方法来修改这一方法。然后,我们提出了两个案例研究,探讨了最近的“辅助”应用技术与人类感官知觉之间的关系。由于听觉和视觉在这方面是关键,我们专注于两种特定的媒体技术:reound LINX2,一种可以通过蓝牙与iPhone, iPad或iPod Touch直接连接的助听器,以及Camassia,一种为盲人提供声音寻路的IOS应用程序。我们强调残障实践对于制造新型听觉和视觉的重要性,并利用制造商的宣传材料、广告或用户推荐和评论等来源。我们的分析感兴趣的是用户和他们的社会技术和媒体环境之间的相互关系。总的来说,这一贡献将为算法驱动的技术、日常实践和传感主题的当代纠缠提供重要的见解:技术感官安排的生产。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Nanoethics
Nanoethics HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE-
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
7.70%
发文量
18
期刊介绍: NanoEthics: Ethics for Technologies that Converge at the Nanoscale will focus on the philosophically and scientifically rigorous examination of the ethical and societal considerations and the public and policy concerns inherent in nanotechnology research and development. These issues include both individual and societal problems, and include individual health, wellbeing and human enhancement, human integrity and autonomy, distribution of the costs and benefits, threats to culture and tradition and to political and economic stability. Additionally there are meta-issues including the neutrality or otherwise of technology, designing technology in a value-sensitive way, and the control of scientific research.
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