Urban environmental exposures during the first 2000 days of life as a foundation for health across the life-course: a scoping review.

IF 2.5 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Erica McIntyre, Jason Prior, Christine Catling, Rupert Legg, Dwan Vilcins, Jane Frawley, Clare Perry, Amanda Henry, Christina Rojas, Valsamma Eapen
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives: By 2030, 60% of the global population is expected to live in urban areas. Exposure to urban environments during the first 2000 days of life can have positive or negative health outcomes across the life course. Understanding the types of urban exposures that influence health outcomes is needed to guide research priorities for public health and urban planning. This review aims to summarise the published research examining the health outcomes of all urban environmental exposures during the first 2000 days of life, identify the quantity and characteristics of research in this area, methods used, and knowledge gaps.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review using the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Eight databases were searched for peer-reviewed primary studies. Inclusion criteria were studies that measured maternal, infant and child exposure to everyday urban environment features and conditions in cities/metropolitan areas during the first 2000 days of life and reported offspring health outcomes across the life course, including embryo, fetal/newborn, infant, child, adolescent, and adult outcomes. We used Covidence software for data screening and extraction. Study characteristics and findings were summarised using tables and narrative synthesis.

Results: We reviewed 235 articles, which included studies conducted across 41 countries, the majority in the US (n = 63). A broad range of environmental exposures were studied, spanning seven categories: air pollution; energy-based pollution; atmosphere, chemical and metal exposure; neighbourhood-built and natural environment features; neighbourhood community conditions; and residential living conditions. Air pollution was the most studied exposure type (n = 153 studies). Health outcomes were reported for all life stages except adults, with fetal/newborn outcomes the most studied life stage (n = 137).

Conclusions: We found that most research investigating urban environmental exposures in the first 2000 days and health outcomes across the life course focused on air pollution exposures and fetal/newborn health outcomes, using correlational retrospective cohort designs. Few studies included multiple environmental exposures. There is a clear need for more longitudinal research to determine the health impacts of multiple urban environmental exposures across the life course. This will assist in developing urban design and planning strategies and population health to mitigate health risks across the life course.

生命最初 2000 天的城市环境暴露是整个生命过程的健康基础:范围界定综述。
目标:到 2030 年,预计全球 60% 的人口将生活在城市地区。在生命的最初 2000 天接触城市环境会对整个生命过程产生积极或消极的健康影响。需要了解影响健康结果的城市暴露类型,以便为公共卫生和城市规划的优先研究事项提供指导。本综述旨在总结已发表的关于生命最初 2000 天内所有城市环境暴露对健康影响的研究,确定该领域研究的数量和特点、使用的方法以及知识差距:我们采用 JBI 的范围界定综述方法进行了范围界定综述。我们在八个数据库中搜索了经同行评审的主要研究。纳入标准是测量母婴和儿童在出生后 2000 天内暴露于城市/都市地区日常城市环境特征和条件的研究,以及报告后代在整个生命过程中的健康结果的研究,包括胚胎、胎儿/新生儿、婴儿、儿童、青少年和成人的结果。我们使用 Covidence 软件进行数据筛选和提取。我们使用表格和叙述性综述总结了研究特点和结果:我们审查了 235 篇文章,其中包括在 41 个国家进行的研究,大部分在美国(n = 63)。我们研究了广泛的环境暴露,涉及七个类别:空气污染;能源污染;大气、化学和金属暴露;邻里建筑和自然环境特征;邻里社区条件;以及居民生活条件。空气污染是研究最多的暴露类型(n = 153 项研究)。除成人外,所有生命阶段的健康结果均有报道,其中胎儿/新生儿的健康结果是研究最多的生命阶段(n = 137):我们发现,大多数调查城市环境暴露在最初 2000 天和整个生命过程中的健康结果的研究都集中在空气污染暴露和胎儿/新生儿健康结果上,并采用了相关的回顾性队列设计。很少有研究包括多种环境暴露。显然需要进行更多的纵向研究,以确定在整个生命过程中多种城市环境暴露对健康的影响。这将有助于制定城市设计和规划战略以及人口健康,以减轻整个生命过程中的健康风险。
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来源期刊
Public Health Research & Practice
Public Health Research & Practice PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
51
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Public Health Research & Practice is an open-access, quarterly, online journal with a strong focus on the connection between research, policy and practice. It publishes innovative, high-quality papers that inform public health policy and practice, paying particular attention to innovations, data and perspectives from policy and practice. The journal is published by the Sax Institute, a national leader in promoting the use of research evidence in health policy. Formerly known as The NSW Public Health Bulletin, the journal has a long history. It was published by the NSW Ministry of Health for nearly a quarter of a century. Responsibility for its publication transferred to the Sax Institute in 2014, and the journal receives guidance from an expert editorial board.
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