Adaptations to Optimized Interval Training in Soccer Players: A Comparative Analysis of Standardized Methods for Individualizing Interval Interventions.

IF 2.4 2区 医学 Q2 SPORT SCIENCES
Lu Dai, Bixia Xie
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Accurately prescribing supramaximal interval training facilitates targeting desired physiological adaptations. This study compared the homogeneity of adaptations in cardiorespiratory parameters to supramaximal [i.e., intensities beyond maximal aerobic speed (MAS)] interval interventions prescribed using anaerobic speed reserve (ASR), the speed attained at the end of 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (VIFT), and MAS. Using repeated-measures factorial design, and during the off-season phase of the athletes' yearly training cycle, thirty national-level soccer players (age = 19 ± 1.6 years; body mass = 78.9 ± 1.6 kg; height = 179 ± 4.7 cm; Body fat = 11 ± 0.9%) were randomized to interventions consisting of 2 sets of 6, 7, 8, 7, 8, and 9-min intervals (from 1st to 6th week), including 15 s running at Δ%20ASR (MAS + 0.2 × ASR), 120%MAS, or 95%VIFT followed by 15 s passive recovery. All ASR, VIFT, and MAS programs sufficiently stimulated adaptive mechanisms, improving relative maximal oxygen uptake [V̇O2max (p < 0.05; ES = 1.6, 1.2, and 1.1, respectively)], absolute V̇O2max (p < 0.05; ES = 1.5, 1.1, and 0.7), ventilation [V̇E (p < 0.05; ES = 1.6, 1.1, and 1.1)], O2 pulse [V̇O2/HR (p < 0.05; ES = 1.4, 1.1, and 0.6)], first and second ventilatory threshold [VT1 (p < 0.05; ES = 0.7, 0.8, and 0.7) and VT2 (p < 0.05; ES = 1.1, 1.1, and 0.8)], cardiac output [Q̇max (p = 1.5, 1.0, and 0.7)], and stroke volume [SVmax (p < 0.05; ES = 0.9, 0.7, and 0.5)]. Although there was no between-group difference for the change in the abovementioned variables over time, supramaximal interval training prescribed using ASR and VIFT resulted in a lower coefficient of variation [CV (inter-individual variability)] in physiological adaptations compared to exercise intensity determined as a proportion of MAS. Expressing the intensity of supramaximal interval programs according to the athlete's ASR and VIFT would assist in accurately prescribing interventions and facilitate imposing mechanical and related physiological stimulus according to the athletes' physiological ceiling. Such an approach leads to identical stimulation across athletes with differing profiles and potentially facilitates more homogenized adaptations.

足球运动员对优化间歇训练的适应性:个体化间歇干预标准化方法的比较分析。
准确地规定超极限间歇训练有助于目标所需的生理适应。本研究比较了心肺参数适应的同质性,使用无氧速度储备(ASR)、30-15间歇体能测试(VIFT)结束时达到的速度和MAS规定的超最大值(即超过最大有氧速度(MAS)的强度)间歇干预。采用重复测量因子设计,在运动员年度训练周期的休赛期,选取30名国家级足球运动员(年龄= 19±1.6岁;体重= 78.9±1.6 kg;身高= 179±4.7 cm;体脂= 11±0.9%)的患者随机分为6、7、8、7、8和9分钟的干预组(从第1周到第6周),包括以Δ%20ASR (MAS + 0.2 × ASR)、120%MAS或95%VIFT跑步15 s,然后进行15 s被动恢复。所有ASR、VIFT和MAS方案都充分刺激了适应机制,提高了相对最大摄氧量[V * O2max] (p < 0.05;ES = 1.6、1.2、1.1)],绝对V / O2max (p < 0.05;ES = 1.5、1.1、0.7)、通气[V / E] (p < 0.05;ES = 1.6, 1.1, 1.1)], O2脉搏[V / O2/HR], p < 0.05;ES = 1.4, 1.1, 0.6)],第一和第二次通气阈值[VT1] (p < 0.05;ES = 0.7, 0.8, 0.7)和VT2 (p < 0.05;ES = 1.1、1.1和0.8)]、心输出量[最大Q值(p = 1.5、1.0和0.7)]和每搏量[最大SVmax (p < 0.05;ES = 0.9、0.7和0.5)]。尽管上述变量随时间的变化没有组间差异,但与以MAS为比例确定的运动强度相比,使用ASR和VIFT规定的最大间歇训练导致生理适应的变异系数[CV(个体间变异)]较低。根据运动员的ASR和VIFT来表达超极大间隔训练的强度,有助于准确地制定干预措施,并便于根据运动员的生理上限施加机械和相关的生理刺激。这种方法可以在不同的运动员身上产生相同的刺激,并可能促进更多的同质化适应。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
6.20%
发文量
56
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (JSSM) is a non-profit making scientific electronic journal, publishing research and review articles, together with case studies, in the fields of sports medicine and the exercise sciences. JSSM is published quarterly in March, June, September and December. JSSM also publishes editorials, a "letter to the editor" section, abstracts from international and national congresses, panel meetings, conferences and symposia, and can function as an open discussion forum on significant issues of current interest.
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