Mapping the risk of exposure to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in the Iberian Peninsula using Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a model

IF 3.1 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102281

Sara Baz-Flores , Cesar Herraiz , Alfonso Peralbo-Moreno , Marta Barral , Mari Cruz Arnal , Ana Balseiro , David Cano-Terriza , Sabrina Castro-Scholten , Aitor Cevidanes , Alazne Conde-Lizarralde , Raúl Cuadrado-Matías , Fernando Escribano , Daniel Fernández de Luco , Luis Eusebio Fidalgo , Javier Hermoso-de Mendoza , Paulino Fandos , Félix Gómez-Guillamón , José E. Granados , Débora Jiménez-Martín , Jorge R. López-Olvera , Francisco Ruiz-Fons

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne zoonotic pathogen that can cause a lethal haemorrhagic disease in humans. Although the virus appears to be endemically established in the Iberian Peninsula, CCHF is an emerging disease in Spain. Clinical signs of CCHFV infection are mainly manifested in humans, but the virus replicates in several animal species. Understanding the determinants of CCHFV exposure risk from animal models is essential to predicting high-risk exposure hotspots for public health action. With this objective in mind, we designed a cross-sectional study of Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Spain and Portugal. The study analysed 5,291 sera collected between 2006 and 2022 from 90 wild boar populations with a specific double-antigen ELISA to estimate CCHFV serum prevalence and identify the main determinants of exposure probability. To do so, we statistically modelled exposure risk with host- and environment-related predictors and spatially projected it at a 10 × 10 km square resolution at the scale of the Iberian Peninsula to map foci of infection risk. Fifty-seven (63.3 %) of the 90 populations had at least one seropositive animal, with seroprevalence ranging from 0.0 to 88.2 %. Anti-CCHFV antibodies were found in 1,026 of 5,291 wild boar (19.4 %; 95 % confidence interval: 18.3–20.5 %), with highest exposure rates in southwestern Iberia. The most relevant predictors of virus exposure risk were wild boar abundance, local rainfall regime, shrub cover, winter air temperature and soil temperature variation. The spatial projection of the best-fit model identified high-risk foci as occurring in most of western and southwestern Iberia and identified recently confirmed risk foci in eastern Spain. The results of the study demonstrate that serological surveys of CCHFV vector hosts are a powerful, robust and highly informative tool for public health authorities to take action to prevent human cases of CCHF in enzootic and emergency settings.

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以欧亚野猪(Sus scrofa)为模型绘制伊比利亚半岛克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒暴露风险图。

克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒(CCHFV)是一种蜱传人畜共患病原体，可在人类中引起致命的出血性疾病。虽然该病毒似乎在伊比利亚半岛地方性存在，但CCHF在西班牙是一种新出现的疾病。CCHFV感染的临床症状主要表现在人身上，但该病毒可在几种动物中复制。从动物模型中了解CCHFV暴露风险的决定因素对于预测高风险暴露热点并采取公共卫生行动至关重要。考虑到这一目标，我们设计了一项对西班牙和葡萄牙欧亚野猪(Sus scrofa)的横断面研究。该研究分析了2006年至2022年期间从90个野猪种群收集的5291份血清，使用特异性双抗原ELISA法估计CCHFV血清患病率，并确定暴露概率的主要决定因素。为此，我们使用宿主和环境相关预测因子对暴露风险进行统计建模，并在伊比利亚半岛的尺度上以10 × 10平方公里的分辨率对其进行空间预测，以绘制感染风险的焦点。90个种群中有57个(63.3%)至少有1只血清阳性动物，血清阳性率在0.0 ~ 88.2%之间。5291只野猪中检出抗cchfv抗体1026只(19.4%;95%可信区间:18.3- 20.5%)，伊比利亚西南部的暴露率最高。与病毒暴露风险最相关的预测因子是野猪丰度、当地降雨情况、灌木覆盖、冬季气温和土壤温度变化。最佳拟合模型的空间投影确定了高危疫源地发生在伊比利亚西部和西南部的大部分地区，并确定了西班牙东部最近确认的风险疫源地。研究结果表明，对CCHFV病媒宿主进行血清学调查是公共卫生当局采取行动预防在地方性和紧急情况下发生的CCHF人间病例的有力、可靠和信息丰富的工具。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases INFECTIOUS DISEASES-MICROBIOLOGY

CiteScore

6.90

自引率

12.50%

发文量

185

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases is an international, peer-reviewed scientific journal. It publishes original research papers, short communications, state-of-the-art mini-reviews, letters to the editor, clinical-case studies, announcements of pertinent international meetings, and editorials. The journal covers a broad spectrum and brings together various disciplines, for example, zoology, microbiology, molecular biology, genetics, mathematical modelling, veterinary and human medicine. Multidisciplinary approaches and the use of conventional and novel methods/methodologies (in the field and in the laboratory) are crucial for deeper understanding of the natural processes and human behaviour/activities that result in human or animal diseases and in economic effects of ticks and tick-borne pathogens. Such understanding is essential for management of tick populations and tick-borne diseases in an effective and environmentally acceptable manner.