Lower maternal emotional availability is related to increased attention toward fearful faces during infancy

IF 1.9 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
Eeva Eskola , Eeva-Leena Kataja , Jukka Hyönä , Hetti Hakanen , Saara Nolvi , Tuomo Häikiö , Juho Pelto , Hasse Karlsson , Linnea Karlsson , Riikka Korja
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Abstract

It has been suggested that infants’ age-typical attention biases for faces and facial expressions have an inherent connection with the parent–infant interaction. However, only a few previous studies have addressed this topic. To investigate the association between maternal caregiving behaviors and an infant’s attention for emotional faces, 149 mother–infant dyads were assessed when the infants were 8 months. Caregiving behaviors were observed during free-play interactions and coded using the Emotional Availability Scales. The composite score of four parental dimensions, that are sensitivity, structuring, non-intrusiveness, and non-hostility, was used in the analyses. Attention disengagement from faces was measured using eye tracking and face-distractor paradigm with neutral, happy, and fearful faces and scrambled-face control pictures as stimuli. The main finding was that lower maternal emotional availability was related to an infant’s higher attention to fearful faces (p = .042), when infant sex and maternal age, education, and concurrent depressive and anxiety symptoms were controlled. This finding indicates that low maternal emotional availability may sensitize infants’ emotion processing system for the signals of fear at least during this specific age around 8 months. The significance of the increased attention toward fearful faces during infancy is an important topic for future research.

较低的母亲情绪可用性与婴儿时期对恐惧面孔的关注增加有关。
有研究表明,婴儿对面孔和面部表情的典型注意偏差与亲子互动有内在的联系。然而,只有少数先前的研究解决了这个问题。为了探讨母亲的照料行为与婴儿对情绪面孔的关注之间的关系,我们对149对8个月大的婴儿进行了评估。在自由游戏互动中观察照顾行为,并使用情绪可得性量表进行编码。采用敏感性、结构性、非侵入性和非敌意四个父母维度的综合得分进行分析。采用眼动追踪和面部干扰范式,以中性、快乐、恐惧的面孔和乱脸控制图片作为刺激,测量了对面部的注意力脱离。主要发现是,当婴儿的性别、母亲的年龄、受教育程度以及同时出现的抑郁和焦虑症状得到控制时,较低的母亲情绪可用性与婴儿对恐惧面孔的较高注意力相关(p = 0.042)。这一发现表明,低母亲情绪可用性可能会使婴儿的情绪处理系统对恐惧信号敏感,至少在8个月左右的特定年龄。婴儿时期对恐惧面孔的关注增加的意义是未来研究的一个重要课题。
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来源期刊
Infant Behavior & Development
Infant Behavior & Development PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL-
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
4.80%
发文量
94
期刊介绍: Infant Behavior & Development publishes empirical (fundamental and clinical), theoretical, methodological and review papers. Brief reports dealing with behavioral development during infancy (up to 3 years) will also be considered. Papers of an inter- and multidisciplinary nature, for example neuroscience, non-linear dynamics and modelling approaches, are particularly encouraged. Areas covered by the journal include cognitive development, emotional development, perception, perception-action coupling, motor development and socialisation.
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