Salt Behind the Scenes of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis.

IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
Current Nutrition Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-18 DOI:10.1007/s13668-023-00509-5
Baris Afsar, Rengin Elsurer Afsar
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: Sodium is vital for human health. High salt intake is a global health problem and is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence suggests that both innate and adaptive immune systems are affected by sodium. In general, excess salt intake drives immune cells toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype. The incidence of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is steadily increasing. As excess salt induces a pro-inflammatory state, increased salt intake may have impacts on autoimmune diseases. The relationship between salt intake and autoimmune diseases is most widely studied in patients with SLE or RA. This review aimed to summarize the relationship between salt intake and SLE and RA.

Recent findings: Most, but not all, of these studies showed that high salt intake might promote SLE by M1 macrophage shift, increase in Th17/Treg cell ratio, activation of dendritic and follicular helper T cells, and increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In RA, apart from driving immune cells toward a pro-inflammatory state, high salt intake also influences cellular signaling pathways, including receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), Rho GTPases, and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase). There is now sufficient evidence that excess salt intake may be related to the development and progression of SLE and RA, although there are still knowledge gaps. More studies are warranted to further highlight the relationship between excess salt intake, SLE, and RA. Salt intake may affect cell types and pro-inflammatory cytokines and signaling pathways associated with the development and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Bcl-6 B-cell lymphoma, 6 Erk extracellular signal-regulated kinases, IFN-γ interferon-gamma, JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase, IL-4 interleukin 4, IL-6 interleukin 6, MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase, STAT signal transducer and activator of transcription, Tnf-α tumor necrosis factor, Treg T regulatory cell.

系统性红斑狼疮和类风湿关节炎背后的盐。
综述目的:钠对人体健康至关重要。高盐摄入是一个全球性的健康问题,与心血管发病率和死亡率有关。最近的证据表明,先天免疫系统和适应性免疫系统都受到钠的影响。一般来说,过量的盐摄入会驱使免疫细胞向促炎表型发展。自身免疫性疾病的发病率,包括系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)和类风湿性关节炎(RA),正在稳步增加。由于过量的盐会引起促炎状态,盐摄入量的增加可能对自身免疫性疾病有影响。在SLE或RA患者中,盐摄入与自身免疫性疾病的关系研究最为广泛。本综述旨在总结盐摄入与SLE和RA之间的关系。近期发现:大多数但不是全部的研究表明,高盐摄入可能通过M1巨噬细胞移位、Th17/Treg细胞比例增加、树突状和滤泡性辅助性T细胞激活、促炎细胞因子分泌增加等方式促进SLE。在RA中,高盐摄入除了驱动免疫细胞进入促炎状态外,还会影响细胞信号通路,包括核因子κB配体受体激活因子(RANKL)、Rho GTPases和MAPK(丝裂原活化蛋白激酶)。现在有足够的证据表明,过量的盐摄入可能与SLE和RA的发生和进展有关,尽管仍有知识空白。需要更多的研究来进一步强调过量盐摄入、SLE和RA之间的关系。盐摄入可能影响与系统性红斑狼疮和类风湿关节炎的发生和进展相关的细胞类型、促炎细胞因子和信号通路。Bcl-6 b细胞淋巴瘤,6 Erk细胞外信号调节激酶,IFN-γ干扰素-γ, JNK c-Jun n末端激酶,IL-4白细胞介素4,IL-6白细胞介素6,MAPK丝裂原活化蛋白激酶,STAT信号转导和转录激活因子,Tnf-α肿瘤坏死因子,Treg T调节细胞。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Current Nutrition Reports
Current Nutrition Reports Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
2.00%
发文量
59
期刊介绍: This journal aims to provide comprehensive review articles that emphasize significant developments in nutrition research emerging in recent publications. By presenting clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts, the journal intends to discuss the influence of nutrition on major health conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity, as well as the impact of nutrition on genetics, metabolic function, and public health. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the field. Section Editors select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of more than 25 internationally diverse members reviews the annual table of contents, suggests topics of special importance to their country/region, and ensures that topics and current and include emerging research.
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