Genetic Analysis Reveals Substantial Proportion of Non-targeted Tilapias among Farmed Stocks in Kilosa and Kibaha, Tanzania

Winifrida L Mbilinyi, Cyrus Rumisha, Augustine W Mwandya, George M Msalya
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Abstract

Nile tilapia farmers in Tanzania have been complaining about slow growth and low yields. Since some farmers obtain their seeds from unreliable sources, they may potentially be dealing with various non-targeted tilapias that require different environments and treatments to enhance growth and yields. Thus, this study analysed fragments (600 base pairs) of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI) from 74 farmed tilapias in Kilosa and Kibaha, Tanzania to determine the presence of non-targeted tilapias. An additional 42 samples from the Magadu Fish Farm, Mindu dam, and Lake Victoria were included for comparison. The findings revealed that non-targeted tilapias accounted for 22.22–31.41% of the farmed stock, supporting the hypothesis that farmers are unknowingly dealing with a variety of non-targeted tilapias. Furthermore, pairwise FST comparison indicated genetic relatedness among the farmed fish, suggesting the sharing of fingerlings from the same broodstock or collection from the same wild locality. Therefore, farmers are advised to ensure they source seeds from certified hatcheries to minimize the risk of stocking non-targeted species. Additionally, due to the observed low genetic diversity in Kilosa samples, it is recommended that the country should establish a national breeding program for tilapia to provide farmers with access to high-quality seeds.
遗传分析显示,在坦桑尼亚Kilosa和Kibaha的养殖种群中,非目标罗非鱼的比例很大
坦桑尼亚的尼罗罗非鱼养殖户一直在抱怨生长缓慢和产量低。由于一些农民从不可靠的来源获得种子,他们可能需要处理各种非目标罗非鱼,这些罗非鱼需要不同的环境和处理来提高生长和产量。因此,本研究分析了来自坦桑尼亚Kilosa和Kibaha的74条养殖罗非鱼的细胞色素氧化酶亚基I基因(COI)片段(600个碱基对),以确定非靶向罗非鱼的存在。另外还有来自Magadu养鱼场、Mindu大坝和维多利亚湖的42个样本用于比较。调查结果显示,非目标罗非鱼占养殖种群的22.22-31.41%,支持了农民在不知情的情况下处理各种非目标罗非鱼的假设。此外,两两FST比较显示了养殖鱼类之间的遗传亲缘关系,表明来自同一种鱼的鱼种或来自同一野生地点的采集的鱼种共享。因此,建议农民确保从经过认证的孵化场采购种子,以尽量减少放养非目标物种的风险。此外,由于Kilosa样本中观察到的遗传多样性较低,建议该国建立一个罗非鱼国家育种计划,为农民提供高质量的种子。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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