Investigation of Antidiabetic Activities of Cu(II) Complex of Anacardium occidentale Leaves Crude Extract

Mary Adelaide Oladipo, Folasade Omobolanle Ajao, Adewusi John Adepoju, Kayode Taiwo Ishola, Deborah Omowumi Afolabi
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Abstract

Many synthetic chemical drugs have been widely used for the treatment of diabetes. However, many of these drugs are not locally available, are less effective, and are unaffordable for many diabetic patients in developing and underdeveloped countries. Therefore, in order to search for a locally available, effective, and cost-effective antidiabetic agent, this study synthesized the Cu(II) complex of crude leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale and investigated its antidiabetic activity in alloxan induced albino rats. The leaf crude extract and its metal complex were characterized using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Experimental diabetic animals were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate at a single dose of 140 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.), and animals with fasting blood glucose levels (BGL) > 200 mg/dl were considered diabetic. Metformin was used as a standard drug. Fasting blood glucose level (BGL) and body weight were examined in assessing the antidiabetic activities of the crude extract and its complex in the rats. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the antidiabetic activity at a statistical significance level of p < 0.05. The hypsochromic shifts of C=O and O-H bands in the Cu(II) complex and the high concentration of the metal ion in the metal complex established the coordination of the crude extract with the metal ion. A more significant reduction in the blood glucose level and increase in body weight in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats was observed when treated with the leaves crude extract and its Cu(II) complex than when treated with the standard drug metformin. It can be concluded that the Cu(II) complex of Anacardium occidentale leaf extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg wt is more effective without abnormal weight gain and could be considered as a potential antidiabetic drug to replace some of the less effective and expensive conventional antidiabetic drugs.
西心梗叶粗提物Cu(II)配合物抗糖尿病活性的研究
许多合成化学药物已被广泛用于糖尿病的治疗。然而,在发展中国家和不发达国家,许多这些药物在当地无法获得,效果较差,而且对许多糖尿病患者来说负担不起。因此,为了寻找一种局部可用、有效且具有成本效益的降糖药,本研究合成了西心梗粗叶提取物的Cu(II)配合物,并对其在四氧嘧啶诱导的白化大鼠体内的降糖活性进行了研究。采用原子吸收光谱(AAS)和红外光谱(IR)对叶提取物及其金属配合物进行了表征。实验动物以140 mg/kg体重(b.wt.)单次腹腔注射一水四氧嘧啶诱导糖尿病,并将空腹血糖水平(BGL) >200 mg/dl被认为是糖尿病。二甲双胍被用作标准药物。测定大鼠空腹血糖水平(BGL)和体重,评价粗提物及其复合物的抗糖尿病作用。采用单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)测定抗糖尿病活性,p <水平具有统计学意义;0.05. Cu(II)配合物中C=O和O- h带的次色移以及金属配合物中金属离子的高浓度建立了粗提物与金属离子的配位关系。在四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病白化大鼠中,用叶子粗提取物及其铜(II)复合物治疗比用标准药物二甲双胍治疗更显著地降低了血糖水平,增加了体重。综上所述,在400 mg/kg wt剂量下,西心草叶提取物的Cu(II)配合物更有效,且不会出现体重异常增加,可以考虑作为一种潜在的降糖药物来取代一些效果较差且价格昂贵的常规降糖药物。
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