Climate Change and Crop Adaptation: Its Impacts and Opportunities for Crops Production

Abstract

Climate change is the departure of a region's weather patterns from the norm or from conditions that have been historically documented as usual. The term "climate" refers to long-term weather patterns, whereas the term "climate change" refers to changes in weather patterns through time. Climate, which can refer to a county, state, continent, or the entire world, is simply the pattern of weather that prevails on average in a location. Despite rigorous analysis of weather data conducted, it is difficult to forecast the effects of climate change for a specific agricultural operation because of the numerous human and environmental elements influencing it as well as the increased variability in weather over time and across space. After more than a decade of disagreement, the scientific community has now come to the conclusion that climate change is one of the planet's most pressing environmental issues of this century. The issue has evolved from a scientific to a political and economic matter, with dire economic repercussions, according to conventional thinking. Climate change has numerous impacts on the production of crops. The productivity of crops is subjected to a variety of stress and potential yields are rarely achieved. In order to sustain crop production with present-day challenges, there have to be packages to manage stresses caused by climate change. If properly managed, some sectors such as the horticulture sector could be might benefit from the impact of climate change in terms of energy, productivity, and market advantages. This review paper, therefore, reviews the impact opportunity and challenges of climate change on the productivity of crops.