Education and Revolutions: Why do Revolutionary Uprisings Take Violent or Nonviolent Forms?

IF 2.3 3区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY

Cross-Cultural Research Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI:10.1177/10693971231162231

Vadim Ustyuzhanin, Andrey Korotayev

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Is there a relationship between education and the type of revolutionary action – violent or nonviolent? Past studies found a positive relationship between the education and nonviolence, but the influence that education produces on the form that revolution takes has not yet been explored. We show several possible mechanisms that push the educated population to choose nonviolent tactic: (1) education changes people’s preferences toward peaceful solutions and increases support for civil liberties; (2) it enhances human capital that makes it feasible to use unarmed tactics successfully and (3) it increases the relative costs of engaging in armed action. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that the higher education in a country, the higher the probability that revolution will be nonviolent. This paper examines it at a cross-national level with an analysis of 470 NAVCO ‘maximalist campaigns’ and 265 revolutionary events recorded between 1950 and 2020. Overall, we find robust evidence that the higher the level of education in a country, the lower chance that the revolution there would take a violent/armed form.

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教育与革命:为什么革命起义会采取暴力或非暴力的形式?

教育和革命行动的类型——暴力的还是非暴力的——有关系吗?过去的研究发现教育与非暴力之间存在正相关关系，但教育对革命形式的影响尚未被探讨。我们展示了促使受过教育的人群选择非暴力策略的几种可能机制:(1)教育改变了人们对和平解决方案的偏好，增加了对公民自由的支持;(2)它提高了人力资本，使成功使用非武装战术成为可能;(3)它增加了参与武装行动的相对成本。因此，我们有理由认为，一个国家的教育水平越高，非暴力革命的可能性就越大。本文通过对1950年至2020年间记录的470次NAVCO“最大主义运动”和265次革命事件的分析，在跨国层面上对其进行了研究。总的来说，我们发现有力的证据表明，一个国家的教育水平越高，革命采取暴力/武装形式的可能性就越低。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Cross-Cultural Research SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

8.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Cross-Cultural Research, formerly Behavior Science Research, is sponsored by the Human Relations Area Files, Inc. (HRAF) and is the official journal of the Society for Cross-Cultural Research. The mission of the journal is to publish peer-reviewed articles describing cross-cultural or comparative studies in all the social/behavioral sciences and other sciences dealing with humans, including anthropology, sociology, psychology, political science, economics, human ecology, and evolutionary biology. Worldwide cross-cultural studies are particularly welcomed, but all kinds of systematic comparisons are acceptable so long as they deal explicity with cross-cultural issues pertaining to the constraints and variables of human behavior.