Activated Carbon Based on Borassus aethiopum Shells, Hulls, Kernels and Fruits for Removal of Phenol and 2-Chlorophenol from Water

Ndatiye W. Ndatiye, Lupituko L. Mkayula, Grace A. Kinunda
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Abstract

This study aimed at developing activated carbons from Borassus aethiopum shells (BaS), hulls (BaH), kernels (BaK) and fruits (BaF) for removing phenol (Ph) and 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) from aqueous solution. The preparation of the activated carbons involved carbonization of the starting materials at 500 ºC followed by chemical activation at 600 ºC using 0.5 M H3PO4 acid. The prepared activated carbons were found to be mesoporous having pore sizes and surface areas in the range of 3.2 to 3.5 nm and 644 to 740 m2/g, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) thermograms showed that the prepared activated carbons can be applied in the batch solution with a temperature not greater than 500 ºC as above this temperature, the materials decompose. Adsorption experiments showed that the uptake of 100 mg/L of Ph and 2-CP from water is favourable using an adsorbent dose of 0.5 g and a contact time of 6 hours. On the other hand, the batch solution of pH 8 and 6 favoured the adsorption of Ph and 2-CP, respectively. Moreover, the adsorption of the aforementioned adsorbates strongly depended on their initial concentrations and temperature of the batch solution. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms fitted into both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, but the Freundlich adsorption model was found to have the highest regression value, hence the best fit.
活性炭去除水中苯酚和2-氯酚的研究
本研究旨在以埃塞俄比亚Borassus aethiopum壳(BaS)、壳(BaH)、仁(BaK)和果(BaF)为原料制备活性炭,用于去除水中苯酚(Ph)和2-氯酚(2-CP)。活性炭的制备是将原料在500℃下碳化,然后在600℃下用0.5 M的H3PO4酸进行化学活化。制备的活性炭为介孔活性炭,孔径为3.2 ~ 3.5 nm,比表面积为644 ~ 740 m2/g。热重分析(TGA)热图表明,制备的活性炭可以在不大于500℃的间歇溶液中使用,超过该温度,材料就会分解。吸附实验表明,吸附剂用量为0.5 g,接触时间为6小时,对水中100 mg/L的Ph和2-CP的吸附效果较好。另一方面,pH为8和6的批处理溶液分别有利于pH和2-CP的吸附。此外,上述吸附剂的吸附在很大程度上取决于它们的初始浓度和间歇溶液的温度。平衡吸附等温线与Langmuir等温线和Freundlich等温线均拟合,但Freundlich吸附模型回归值最高,拟合最佳。
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