Phytochemical Screening and Assessment of the Antioxidant Activity of the Mucilage Contained in Baobab Leaves and Bark (Adansonia Digitata L) of Senegal

Babacar Sadikh Yatte, Diégane Sarr, Khémesse Kital
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Abstract

The present work involved determining the chemical composition and assessing the antioxidant activity of the mucilage contained in baobab leaves and bark. The mucilage from each organ was obtained separately in two beakers by extraction with ethanol and acetone. Phytochemical tests revealed the presence of various families of compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins in the organic extracts. Antioxidant power was assessedusing the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH-) radical scavenging method, based on determination of the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50).This study shows that the solvent and the plant organ affect antioxidant activity. In fact, for ethanolic and acetonic extracts of leaves, the IC50 value varied respectively between 3.58 and 3.98 mg/mL then between 3.83 and 5.32 mg/mL; while for ethanolic and acetonic extracts of bark, the values found varied respectively between 6.49 and 8.12 mg/mL then between 5.51 and 9.11 mg/mL. These results therefore show that organic leaf extracts have a greater DPPH- radical scavenging capacity than organic bark extracts. However, the most powerful antioxidant power is observed in the ethanolic leaf extracts, where the values found are relatively lower and remain below those of ascorbic acid, the reference reducing compound (IC50 = 4.12 mg/mL).A statistical analysis showed that only the leaves had an influence on antioxidant activity, so baobab leaves could be used as a food additive.
塞内加尔猴面包树叶和树皮粘液抗氧化活性的植物化学筛选与评价
研究了猴面包树叶和树皮中黏液的化学成分及抗氧化活性。每个器官的粘液分别在两个烧杯中用乙醇和丙酮提取。植物化学测试显示,有机提取物中存在各种化合物,如生物碱、类黄酮和单宁。采用2,2-二苯基-1-吡啶酰肼(DPPH-)自由基清除法,测定其50%抑制浓度(IC50),评价其抗氧化能力。本研究表明溶剂和植物器官对抗氧化活性有影响。事实上,乙醇提取物和丙酮提取物的IC50值分别在3.58 ~ 3.98 mg/mL和3.83 ~ 5.32 mg/mL之间变化;树皮醇提物和丙酮提物的浓度分别为6.49 ~ 8.12 mg/mL和5.51 ~ 9.11 mg/mL。因此,有机叶提取物比有机树皮提取物具有更强的清除DPPH自由基的能力。然而,观察到最强大的抗氧化能力是在乙醇叶提取物中,其值相对较低,仍然低于抗坏血酸,基准还原性化合物(IC50 = 4.12 mg/mL)。统计分析表明,只有猴面包树叶对抗氧化活性有影响,因此猴面包树叶可以作为食品添加剂。
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