Analysis of Microcystis aeruginosa physiology by spectral flow cytometry: Impact of chemical and light exposure

Abstract

M . aeruginosa fluorescent changes were observed using a Cytek Aurora spectral flow cytometer that contains 5 lasers and 64 narrow band detectors located between 365 and 829 nm. Cyanobacteria were treated with different concentrations of H 2 O 2 and then monitored after exposure between 1 and 8 days. The red fluorescence emission derived from the excitation of cyanobacteria with a yellow green laser (550 nm) was measured in the 652–669 nm detector while green fluorescence from excitation with a violet laser (405 nm) was measured in the 532–550 nm detector. The changes in these parameters were measured after the addition of H 2 O 2 . There was an initial increase in red fluorescence intensity at 24 hours. This was followed by a daily decrease in red fluorescence intensity. In contrast, green fluorescence increased at 24 hours and remained higher than the control for the duration of the 8-day study. A similar fluorescence intensity effect as H 2 O 2 on M . aeruginosa fluorescence emissions was observed after exposure to acetylacetone, diuron (DCMU), peracetic acid, and tryptoline. Minimal growth was also observed in H 2 O 2 treated cyanobacteria during exposure of H 2 O 2 for 24 days. In another experiment, H 2 O 2 -treated cyanobacteria were exposed to high-intensity blue (14 mW) and UV (1 mW) lights to assess the effects of light stress on fluorescence emissions. The combination of blue and UV light with H 2 O 2 had a synergistic effect on M . aeruginosa that induced greater fluorescent differences between control and treated samples than exposure to either stimulus individually. These experiments suggest that the early increase in red and green fluorescence may be due to an inhibition in the ability of photosynthesis to process photons. Further research into the mechanisms driving these increases in fluorescence is necessary.