Pre-earthquake Ionospheric Anomalies and Ionospheric Storms Observed by FORMOSAT-5/AIP and GIM TEC

IF 4.9 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Surveys in Geophysics Pub Date : 2023-09-09 DOI:10.1007/s10712-023-09807-7

J. Y. Liu, F. Y. Chang, Y. I. Chen, Loren C. Chang, Y. C. Wen, T. Y. Wu, C. K. Chao

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Abstract

The mission of Advanced Ionospheric Probe (AIP) onboard FORMOSAT-5 (F5) satellite is to detect pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies (PEIAs) and observe ionospheric space weather. F5/AIP plasma quantities in the nighttime of 22:30 LT (local time) and the total electron content (TEC) of the global ionosphere map (GIM) are used to study PEIAs of an M7.3 earthquake in the Iran–Iraq border area on 12 November 2017, as well as signatures of two magnetic storms on 7 and 21–22 November 2017. Statistical analyses of the median base and one sample test are employed to find the characteristics of temporal PEIAs in GIM TEC over the Iran–Iraq area. The anomalous increases of the GIM TEC and F5/AIP ion density over the epicenter area on 3–4 November (day 9–8 before the M7.3 earthquake) agree with the temporal PEIA characteristics that the significant TEC increase frequently appears on day 14–6 before 53 M ≥ 5.5 earthquakes in the area during 1999–2016. The spatial analyses together with odds studies show that the PEIAs frequently appear specifically over the epicenter day 9–8 before the M7.3 earthquake and day 10–9 before a M6.1 earthquake on 1 December, while proponent TEC increases occur at worldwide high latitudes on the two magnetic storm days. The F5/AIP ion velocity uncovers that the PEIAs of the two earthquakes are caused by associated eastward electric fields, and the two positive storm signatures are due to the prompt penetration electric fields.

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FORMOSAT-5/AIP 和 GIM TEC 观测到的震前电离层异常和电离层风暴

FORMOSAT-5（F5）卫星上的先进电离层探测器（AIP）的任务是探测震前电离层异常（PEIAs）和观测电离层空间天气。F5/AIP 在当地时间 22:30 LT 夜间的等离子体量和全球电离层图（GIM）的电子总含量（TEC）被用于研究 2017 年 11 月 12 日两伊边境地区 M7.3 级地震的电离层异常，以及 2017 年 11 月 7 日和 21-22 日两次磁暴的特征。采用中值基统计分析和单样本检验，发现两伊地区 GIM TEC 的时间 PEIAs 特征。11月3-4日（M7.3级地震前第9-8天）震中地区上空的GIM TEC和F5/AIP离子密度异常增加，这与1999-2016年间该地区53次M≥5.5级地震前第14-6天经常出现TEC显著增加的时间PEIA特征相吻合。空间分析和几率研究表明，PEIAs 经常出现在 M7.3 地震前的第 9-8 天和 12 月 1 日 M6.1 地震前的第 10-9 天，特别是震中上空，而在这两个磁暴日，全球高纬度地区都出现了支持性 TEC 增加。F5/AIP 离子速度发现，两次地震的 PEIAs 是由相关的向东电场引起的，而两次正向风暴特征则是由迅速穿透电场引起的。

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来源期刊

Surveys in Geophysics 地学-地球化学与地球物理

CiteScore

10.00

自引率

10.90%

发文量

审稿时长

4.5 months

期刊介绍： Surveys in Geophysics publishes refereed review articles on the physical, chemical and biological processes occurring within the Earth, on its surface, in its atmosphere and in the near-Earth space environment, including relations with other bodies in the solar system. Observations, their interpretation, theory and modelling are covered in papers dealing with any of the Earth and space sciences.