Estimation of genetic parameters for new entries of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

The study was conducted in one of the fields of the Al-Yamja area, south of Mosul, which is (5) km from the city Centre for the season (2020-2021). Five genotypes of soft wheat were used, which were obtained from the Organization (C.I.M.M.Y.T.), adding an approved local cultivar (Abu Ghraib). The cultivation was carried out on lines with a length of (2) m and the distance between one line and another (30) cm using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D.) with three replications and in the manner explained by 1 .The study included the following traits: number of days to flowering at (50%), plant height (cm), spike length (cm), number of grains/spike, number of spikes/plant, vital yield (g/plant) and grain yield (g /plant), The weight of 100 grains and the harvest index %, where the analysis of variance table shows that all the genotypes showed significance at the probability level of 1% except for the trait number of spikes/plant, which was significant at the probability level of 5% and trait of the harvest index %. The statistical significance was not reached, and the studied phenotypic, genetic and environmental variance values showed that they were more significant than zero for all studied traits except for the genetic variance for the characteristic of harvest index %, Where it did not differ significantly from zero, it was noted that the values of heritability in the broad sense were high and for all the studied traits except for the trait number of spikes/plant was medium. The recipe of harvest index % was low. The values of the expected genetic improvement were as an average percentage for the traits of plant height, spike length and the number of grains/spike. The vital yield, grain yield and weight of 100 grains were low for the characteristics of the number of days to flowering at (50%), the number of spikes/plant and harvest index %. We note that the values of the genetic variation coefficient were the highest for a trait of spike length, number of grains/spike and biological yield, and the values of the phenotypic variation coefficient were the highest for the traits of spike length, number of grains/spike and biological yield. Keywords: genetic parameters, bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L