A comparison with micro albuminuria indicates whether urine and serum kidney injury molecule-1 can predict the onset of early diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most frequent consequence of DM and a significant contributor to chronic kidney disease, a multifactorial illness. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a sensitive and accurate indicator of kidney damage and a predictive indicator. Aim: The present investigation aimed to examine serum and urine KIM-1 as a DN early marker. Patients and methods: The present study included 150 participants, among whom 50 non-diabetic participants were chosen as controls. One hundred diabetic participants were split into two groups based on their urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) as participants with normoalbuminuria (T2DM patients without nephropathy) and microalbuminuria (T2DM patients with nephropathy). The blood glucose, HbA1c, s.urea, and creatinine levels in serum and urine were measured using standard laboratory techniques, and Elisa Essay measured serum and urine KIM-1 levels. Results: There was a distinct variation in the mean serum and urine KIM-1 between the control and diabetics without microalbuminuria (P = 0.001). Serum KIM-1 correlated with ACR (P = 0.669) in people with diabetes with microalbuminuria. Urine KIM-1 was less correlated than serum KIM-1 (p = 0.257). A strong association was found between ACR and serum KIM1 in people with diabetes with microalbuminuria and a low correlation between ACR and urine KIM-1 in people with diabetes with microalbumin. Conclusion: According to the current investigation, diabetic groups with microalbuminuria had higher serum and urine levels of KIM-1 than the control groups. Additionally, there was a favorable correlation between serum KIM-1 and the length of diabetes. More extensive multicentric trials are also needed to assess the efficacy of serum and urine KIM-1 as a DN early marker. Keywords: Serum /Urine KIM-1; Dibetic nephropathy; Microalbumin; DM type2