Macrolide-Lincosamide Resistance and Virulence Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Ardabil, Iran

Q3 Medicine

Iranian Journal of Pathology Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI:10.30699/ijp.2023.1987077.3049

Meysam Manouchehrifar, Farzad Khademi, Hadi Peeri Doghaheh, shahram Habibzadeh, Mohsen Arzanlou

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Abstract

Background & Objective: Staphylococcus aureus causes various hospital- and community-acquired infections. This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of erythromycin and inducible clindamycin resistance, virulence gene profiles, and spa types of S. aureus isolates collected from patients in Ardabil Province, Iran.Methods: A total of 118 clinical S. aureus isolates, including 50 (42.4%) methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 68 (57.6%) methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains, were investigated. Resistance patterns were determined by the disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. Inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (iMLSB) resistance was detected using D-test method. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the virulence and resistance-encoding genes. Additionally, the spa types of the isolates were determined using the PCR, followed by sequencing.Results: In total, 49.1% (58/118) and 44% (52/118) of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, respectively. Overall, 13.5% (16/118) of the isolates showed the iMLSB resistance phenotype. The ermC gene (72.4% [42]) was the most frequent erythromycin resistance-encoding gene, followed by ermA (60.3% [35]), ermB (60.3% [35]), ermTR (51.7% [30]), and msrA (15.5% [9]) genes among erythromycin-resistant isolates. The virulence genes hla, hld, sea, LukS PV, tst, seb, sed, eta, sec, and etb were detected in 93.2%, 74.5%, 70.3%, 32.2%, 29.6%, 17%, 8.5%, 8.5%, 5.9%, and 4.2% of the isolates, respectively. Ten different spa types were identified for 58 erythromycin-resistant S. aureus strains, of which t030 and t078 types were the most common types.Conclusion: A high frequency of macrolide- and lincosamide-resistant S. aureus isolates with different genetic backgrounds of resistance and virulence may be found in patients in Ardabil Province, Iran.

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伊朗阿达比尔地区金黄色葡萄球菌大环内酯-利可沙胺耐药及毒力基因分析

背景与目的:金黄色葡萄球菌引起各种医院和社区获得性感染。本研究旨在探讨从伊朗阿达比尔省患者中采集的金黄色葡萄球菌红霉素和诱导克林霉素耐药的表型和基因型特征、毒力基因谱和spa型。方法:对临床分离的118株金黄色葡萄球菌进行调查，其中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA) 50株(42.4%)和敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA) 68株(57.6%)。采用纸片扩散法和最小抑菌浓度(MIC)试验测定其耐药模式。采用d检验法检测诱导型大环内酯-林科胺-链状gramin B (iMLSB)耐药性。采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)鉴定毒力和抗性编码基因。此外，利用PCR方法确定分离物的spa类型，并进行测序。结果:对红霉素和克林霉素耐药的分别占49.1%(58/118)和44%(52/118)。总体而言，13.5%(16/118)的分离株表现出iMLSB抗性表型。在红霉素耐药菌株中，ermC基因(72.4%[42])是最常见的红霉素耐药编码基因，其次是ermA(60.3%[35])、ermB(60.3%[35])、ermTR(51.7%[30])和msrA(15.5%[9])。检出毒力基因hla、hold、sea、LukS PV、tst、seb、sed、eta、sec和eth的比例分别为93.2%、74.5%、70.3%、32.2%、29.6%、17%、8.5%、8.5%、5.9%和4.2%。58株耐红霉素金黄色葡萄球菌共鉴定出10种不同的spa型，其中以t030型和t078型最为常见。结论:在伊朗阿达比尔省患者中可能发现具有不同耐药和毒力遗传背景的耐大环内酯和耐利可沙胺金黄色葡萄球菌分离株。

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