Molecular imaging of tumour-associated pathological biomarkers with smart nanoprobe: From “Seeing” to “Measuring”

Peisen Zhang, Wenyue Li, Chuang Liu, Feng Qin, Yijie Lu, Meng Qin, Yi Hou
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Abstract

Although the extraordinary progress has been made in molecular biology, the prevention of cancer remains arduous. Most solid tumours exhibit both spatial and temporal heterogeneity, which is difficult to be mimicked in vitro. Additionally, the complex biochemical and immune features of tumour microenvironment significantly affect the tumour development. Molecular imaging aims at the exploitation of tumour-associated molecules as specific targets of customized molecular probe, thereby generating image contrast of tumour markers, and offering opportunities to non-invasively evaluate the pathological characteristics of tumours in vivo. Particularly, there are no “standard markers” as control in clinical imaging diagnosis of individuals, so the tumour pathological characteristics-responsive nanoprobe-based quantitative molecular imaging, which is able to visualize and determine the accurate content values of heterogeneous distribution of pathological molecules in solid tumours, can provide criteria for cancer diagnosis. In this context, a variety of “smart” quantitative molecular imaging nanoprobes have been designed, in order to provide feasible approaches to quantitatively visualize the tumour-associated pathological molecules in vivo. This review summarizes the recent achievements in the designs of these nanoprobes, and highlights the state-of-the-art technologies in quantitative imaging of tumour-associated pathological molecules.

Abstract Image

利用智能纳米探针对肿瘤相关病理生物标记物进行分子成像:从 "看见 "到 "测量"
尽管分子生物学取得了长足的进步,但癌症的预防工作仍然十分艰巨。大多数实体瘤具有空间和时间异质性,很难在体外模拟。此外,肿瘤微环境复杂的生化和免疫特征对肿瘤的发展也有重大影响。分子成像的目的是利用肿瘤相关分子作为定制分子探针的特定靶点,从而产生肿瘤标志物的图像对比,为非侵入性评估体内肿瘤的病理特征提供机会。特别是在临床个体影像诊断中,没有 "标准标志物 "作为对照,因此基于肿瘤病理特征响应纳米探针的定量分子成像,能够可视化确定实体瘤中病理分子异质分布的准确含量值,为癌症诊断提供标准。在此背景下,人们设计了多种 "智能 "定量分子成像纳米探针,以期为体内肿瘤相关病理分子的定量可视化提供可行的方法。本综述总结了这些纳米探针设计的最新成果,并重点介绍了肿瘤相关病理分子定量成像的最新技术。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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CiteScore
17.20
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