Scaling and Evolution of Stellar Magnetic Activity

IF 11.3 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

ACS Catalysis Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI:10.1007/s11214-023-01016-3

Emre Işık, Jennifer L. van Saders, Ansgar Reiners, Travis S. Metcalfe

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Abstract Magnetic activity is a ubiquitous feature of stars with convective outer layers, with implications from stellar evolution to planetary atmospheres. Investigating the mechanisms responsible for the observed stellar activity signals from days to billions of years is important in deepening our understanding of the spatial configurations and temporal patterns of stellar dynamos, including that of the Sun. In this paper, we focus on three problems and their possible solutions. We start with direct field measurements and show how they probe the dependence of magnetic flux and its density on stellar properties and activity indicators. Next, we review the current state-of-the-art in physics-based models of photospheric activity patterns and their variation from rotational to activity-cycle timescales. We then outline the current state of understanding in the long-term evolution of stellar dynamos, first by using chromospheric and coronal activity diagnostics, then with model-based implications on magnetic braking, which is the key mechanism by which stars spin down and become inactive as they age. We conclude by discussing possible directions to improve the modeling and analysis of stellar magnetic fields.

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恒星磁活动的尺度和演化

磁活动是具有对流外层的恒星的普遍特征，从恒星演化到行星大气都有影响。研究从几天到数十亿年观测到的恒星活动信号的机制，对于加深我们对包括太阳在内的恒星发电机的空间结构和时间模式的理解非常重要。在本文中，我们重点讨论了三个问题及其可能的解决方案。我们从直接的磁场测量开始，并展示它们如何探测磁通量及其密度对恒星特性和活动指标的依赖。接下来，我们回顾了当前基于物理的光球活动模式模型及其从旋转到活动周期时间尺度的变化。然后，我们概述了目前对恒星发电机长期演化的理解状态，首先使用色球和日冕活动诊断，然后使用基于模型的磁制动影响，这是恒星随着年龄增长而旋转并变得不活跃的关键机制。最后，我们讨论了改进恒星磁场建模和分析的可能方向。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

ACS Catalysis CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL-

CiteScore

20.80

自引率

6.20%

发文量

1253

审稿时长

1.5 months

期刊介绍： ACS Catalysis is an esteemed journal that publishes original research in the fields of heterogeneous catalysis, molecular catalysis, and biocatalysis. It offers broad coverage across diverse areas such as life sciences, organometallics and synthesis, photochemistry and electrochemistry, drug discovery and synthesis, materials science, environmental protection, polymer discovery and synthesis, and energy and fuels. The scope of the journal is to showcase innovative work in various aspects of catalysis. This includes new reactions and novel synthetic approaches utilizing known catalysts, the discovery or modification of new catalysts, elucidation of catalytic mechanisms through cutting-edge investigations, practical enhancements of existing processes, as well as conceptual advances in the field. Contributions to ACS Catalysis can encompass both experimental and theoretical research focused on catalytic molecules, macromolecules, and materials that exhibit catalytic turnover.