Oops! … EU Did It Again! The EU’s Preference for Global Treaties vis-a-vis the Reality of WHO Politics

IF 1.6 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Emanuela Bozzini, Daniela Sicurelli
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe European Union (EU) emerged as an agenda-setter in the World Health Organization (WHO) negotiations for a Pandemic Treaty. However, rather than endorsing the EU proposal of a binding treaty, the negotiators agreed upon a two-track process, aimed both at negotiating a Framework Convention and revising existing WHO regulations. Why did the EU achieve only partial results in the ongoing negotiations? Concerns for the defence of national sovereignty and uncertainties around its potential to effectively deliver equal access to health resources informed the position of states that vetoed the EU’s proposal. Furthermore, the EU’s principled preference for international treaties, despite the crisis of multilateral governance, has demonstrated lack of flexibility in the way the EU addresses global challenges. Instead of streamlining WHO operations, the two-track process is expected to increase the complexity of the organisation’s response to future pandemics.KEYWORDS: World Health OrganizationEuropean UnionPandemic Treatynormative power AcknowledgementsThe authors express their gratitude to Marco Pertile, Irene Landini and the two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments on the article.Notes1 A review of PT definitions goes beyond the scope of this paper. See George and Bennet Citation2005; Beach and Pedersen Citation2013; Blatter and Haverland (Citation2014).2 In detail: 74th World Health Assembly (May 2021), World Health Assembly Special Session (November 2021); 1st INB meeting (March 2022); 75th World Health Assembly (May 2022); 2nd INB meeting (July 2022); 3rd INB meeting (November 2022).3 Article 2 of the WHO's constitution provides a detailed list of its competences and establishes that it shall “act as the directing and co-ordinating authority on international health work”. See: https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/PDF/bd47/EN/constitution-en.pdf.4 The non-EU signatory countries were: Fiji, Britain, Rwanda, Kenya, Korea, Chile, Costa Rica, Albania, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Senegal, Norway, Serbia, Indonesia and Ukraine. The EU signatory countries were Portugal, Italy, Romania, France, Germany, Greece, Croatia, the Netherlands and Spain.5 See: https://www.who.int/about/governance/world-health-assembly/seventy-fourth-world-health-assembly.6 Other areas were: nomenclature of diseases, standards for diagnostic procedures, standards for and advertising and labelling of biological and pharmaceutical products in international commerce.7 A special WHA session was convened on the premature death of the WHO Director-General, Dr Lee Jong-wook, to facilitate the procedure to elect the next Director-General.Additional informationFundingResearch for this article was carried out within the 2020_Covid 19 project, funded by the University of Trento, “L’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità nell’emergenza Covid-19: funzioni, limiti e impatto sul territorio”.Notes on contributorsEmanuela BozziniEmanuela Bozzini is Professor of Political Sociology at the University of Trento, Trento, Italy. Email: Emanuela.Bozzini@unitn.itDaniela SicurelliDaniela Sicurelli is Professor of Political Science at the University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
哦!欧盟又来了!欧盟对全球条约的偏好与世卫组织政治的现实
摘要欧盟(EU)在世界卫生组织(WHO)大流行条约谈判中成为议程制定者。然而,谈判代表没有赞同欧盟提出的一项具有约束力的条约,而是商定了一个双轨进程,旨在谈判一项框架公约和修订现有的世卫组织条例。为什么欧盟在正在进行的谈判中只取得了部分成果?对捍卫国家主权的关切以及其能否有效提供平等获得卫生资源的不确定性,决定了否决欧盟提案的国家的立场。此外,尽管面临多边治理的危机,但欧盟对国际条约的原则性偏好表明,欧盟应对全球挑战的方式缺乏灵活性。这种双轨程序预计将增加世卫组织应对未来大流行的复杂性,而不是简化世卫组织的业务。作者感谢Marco Pertile、Irene Landini和两位匿名审稿人对本文提出的有见地的评论。注1对PT定义的回顾超出了本文的范围。参见《乔治与班纳特引文》2005;Beach and Pedersen Citation2013;布拉特和哈弗兰(Citation2014) 2详情:第七十四届世界卫生大会(2021年5月)、世界卫生大会特别会议(2021年11月);第一次INB会议(2022年3月);第七十五届世界卫生大会(2022年5月);第二次INB会议(2022年7月);国际货币基金组织第三次会议(2022年11月)世卫组织组织法第2条详细列出了其职权范围,并规定世卫组织应“作为国际卫生工作的指导和协调机构”。见:https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/PDF/bd47/EN/constitution-en.pdf.4非欧盟签署国为:斐济、英国、卢旺达、肯尼亚、韩国、智利、哥斯达黎加、阿尔巴尼亚、南非、特立尼达和多巴哥、突尼斯、塞内加尔、挪威、塞尔维亚、印度尼西亚和乌克兰。欧盟签署国为葡萄牙、意大利、罗马尼亚、法国、德国、希腊、克罗地亚、荷兰和西班牙。5见:https://www.who.int/about/governance/world-health-assembly/seventy-fourth-world-health-assembly.6其他领域为:疾病命名法、诊断程序标准、国际商业中生物和医药产品的标准、广告和标签就世卫组织总干事李钟郁博士过早死亡召开了一次世界卫生大会特别会议,以促进选举下一任总干事的程序。本文的研究是在特伦托大学资助的2020_Covid -19项目中进行的,该项目名为“L 'Organizzazione Mondiale della sanit 'emergenza Covid-19: funzioni, limite impatto sul territorio”。作者简介:emanuela Bozzini,意大利特伦托大学政治社会学教授。daniela Sicurelli,意大利特伦托大学政治学教授。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
International Spectator
International Spectator INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS-
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
5.90%
发文量
41
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