Impacts of Temporary Migration on Development in Origin Countries

IF 8.7 1区经济学 Q1 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI:10.1093/wbro/lkad003

Laurent Bossavie, Çağlar Özden

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Abstract

Abstract Temporary migration is widespread globally. While the literature has traditionally focused on the impacts of permanent migration on destination countries, evidence on the effects of temporary migration on origin countries has grown over the past decade. This paper highlights that the economic development impacts, especially on low- and middle-income origin countries, are complex, dynamic, context-specific, and multichanneled. The paper identifies five main pathways: (a) labor supply; (b) human capital; (c) financial capital and entrepreneurship; (d) aggregate welfare and poverty; and (e) institutions and social norms. Several factors shape these pathways and their eventual impacts. These include initial economic conditions at home, the scale and double selectivity of emigration and return migration, whether migration was planned to be temporary ex ante, and employment and human capital accumulation opportunities experienced by migrants while they are overseas. Meaningful policy interventions to increase the development impacts of temporary migration require proper analysis, which, in turn, depends on high-quality data on workers’ employment trajectories, as well as their decision processes on the timing of their migration and return. These are currently the biggest research challenges to overcome to study the development impacts of temporary migration.

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临时移徙对原籍国发展的影响

临时移民在全球范围内普遍存在。虽然文献传统上关注的是永久移民对目的地国的影响，但在过去十年中，关于临时移民对原籍国影响的证据有所增加。本文强调，对经济发展的影响，特别是对低收入和中等收入原产国的影响，是复杂的、动态的、具体情况的和多渠道的。本文确定了五个主要途径:(a)劳动力供给;(b)人力资本;(c)金融资本和企业家精神;(d)总福利和贫穷;(e)制度和社会规范。有几个因素决定了这些途径及其最终影响。这些因素包括国内最初的经济条件、移徙和回迁的规模和双重选择性、移徙是否事先计划为临时的、以及移徙者在海外时所经历的就业和人力资本积累机会。为增加临时移徙对发展的影响而进行有意义的政策干预，需要进行适当的分析，而这又取决于有关工人就业轨迹的高质量数据，以及他们关于移徙和返回时间的决策过程。这些都是目前研究临时移民对发展影响所要克服的最大挑战。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

World Bank Research Observer Multiple-

CiteScore

12.60

自引率

1.20%

发文量

期刊介绍： The World Bank Journals, including the Research Observer, boast the largest circulation among economics titles. The Research Observer is distributed freely to over 9,100 subscribers in non-OECD countries. Geared towards informing nonspecialist readers about research within and outside the Bank, it covers areas of economics relevant for development policy. Intended for policymakers, project officers, journalists, and educators, its surveys and overviews require only minimal background in economic analysis. Articles are not sent to referees but are assessed and approved by the Editorial Board, including distinguished economists from outside the Bank. The Observer has around 1,500 subscribers in OECD countries and nearly 10,000 subscribers in developing countries.