Writ in water—Unwritten histories obtained from carbonate deposits in ancient water systems

IF 1.4 3区地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Geoarchaeology-An International Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI:10.1002/gea.21980

Gül Sürmelihindi, Cees Passchier

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Calcium carbonate deposits from ancient water systems such as aqueducts are a hidden archive for archaeology and environmental sciences. These deposits formed wherever carbonate-rich water was in contact with a water-containing structure and recorded water composition, temperature, biological content, the operation or nonoperation of a water system segment, flow discharge and velocity, the shape of disappeared segments of water structures, the number of years a water supply system was active, disruptions of the water supply and water management such as repairs, adaptations and cleaning. Indirectly, urban development, resilience, population- and socioeconomic dynamics can be studied through the stratigraphy of carbonate in water systems. Carbonate archives can also give insight into long-term changes in paleoclimate and on environmental pollution, deforestation, extreme floods, droughts, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Archaeological and environmental investigations of carbonate deposits can provide data with up to daily resolution over decades to centuries. Although absolute dating of carbonate from water systems is still problematic, each study on the aqueduct of an ancient city, together with its carbonate deposits, provides its own microstory in Roman life.

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水中的文字--从古代水系中的碳酸盐沉积物中获得的无文字历史

古代水系统（如渡槽）的碳酸钙沉积物是考古学和环境科学的隐藏档案。这些沉积物形成于富含碳酸盐的水与含水结构接触的地方，记录了水的成分、温度、生物含量、水系统段的运行或不运行情况、水流量和流速、水结构消失段的形状、供水系统的运行年限、供水中断情况以及维修、改造和清洁等水管理情况。通过水系中的碳酸盐地层，可以间接研究城市发展、复原力、人口和社会经济动态。碳酸盐档案还可以让人们深入了解古气候的长期变化以及环境污染、森林砍伐、特大洪水、干旱、地震和火山爆发。对碳酸盐沉积物的考古和环境调查可提供数十年至数百年间每日分辨率的数据。尽管对水系碳酸盐的绝对年代测定仍存在问题，但对古城输水道及其碳酸盐沉积物的每项研究都提供了罗马生活中的微观故事。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Geoarchaeology-An International Journal 地学-地球科学综合

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

5.90%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Geoarchaeology is an interdisciplinary journal published six times per year (in January, March, May, July, September and November). It presents the results of original research at the methodological and theoretical interface between archaeology and the geosciences and includes within its scope: interdisciplinary work focusing on understanding archaeological sites, their environmental context, and particularly site formation processes and how the analysis of sedimentary records can enhance our understanding of human activity in Quaternary environments. Manuscripts should examine the interrelationship between archaeology and the various disciplines within Quaternary science and the Earth Sciences more generally, including, for example: geology, geography, geomorphology, pedology, climatology, oceanography, geochemistry, geochronology, and geophysics. We also welcome papers that deal with the biological record of past human activity through the analysis of faunal and botanical remains and palaeoecological reconstructions that shed light on past human-environment interactions. The journal also welcomes manuscripts concerning the examination and geological context of human fossil remains as well as papers that employ analytical techniques to advance understanding of the composition and origin or material culture such as, for example, ceramics, metals, lithics, building stones, plasters, and cements. Such composition and provenance studies should be strongly grounded in their geological context through, for example, the systematic analysis of potential source materials.