A hydraulic energy flow within the moving Earth
IF 0.6
4区 教育学
Q4 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Abstract We consider the Earth moving through empty space at 30 km/s (in the sun’s frame of reference). Associated with this motion is a convective flow of kinetic and internal energy. Since there is high pressure inside the earth, and since the earth is moving, there is yet another “hydraulic” energy flow. This latter is what this article is about. Although this energy flow is huge, it is not addressed in the textbooks. The reason is that for the explanation one needs a concept which is not introduced in traditional presentations of classical gravitation: the gravitomagnetic field. The corresponding theory, gravitoelectromagnetism, was formulated in 1893 by Heaviside in analogy to Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism.

We discuss the question of what are the sources and sinks of this hydraulic, non-convective energy flow. To answer the question, we need to study the energy flow density distribution within the gravitational field. In doing so, we will make some interesting observations. The energy flow within the field is twice as large as it should be to transfer the field energy from one side of the Earth to the other. The excess flow goes back through the matter of the Earth.

Since our readers may not be familiar with Heaviside’s theory, we first treat the electromagnetic analogue of our problem and then translate the results to the gravitational situation.在移动的地球内部的水力能量流
我们假设地球以30公里/秒的速度(在太阳的参照系中)在空旷的空间中运动。与这种运动相联系的是动能和内能的对流流动。由于地球内部有很高的压力，由于地球在运动，又有另一种“水力”能量流。这篇文章讨论的就是后者。虽然这种能量流是巨大的，但在教科书中并没有提到。原因是为了解释，我们需要一个在经典引力的传统表述中没有引入的概念:引力磁场。相应的理论，重力电磁学，是由Heaviside在1893年类比麦克斯韦的电磁学理论而提出的。我们讨论这种水力的、非对流的能量流的源和汇是什么问题。为了回答这个问题，我们需要研究引力场内的能量流密度分布。在此过程中，我们将进行一些有趣的观察。磁场内的能量流是将磁场能量从地球一边转移到另一边所需能量的两倍。由于我们的读者可能不熟悉Heaviside的理论，我们首先处理我们问题的电磁模拟，然后将结果转化为引力情况。
本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
European Journal of Physics
物理-物理：综合
CiteScore
1.70
自引率
28.60%
发文量
128
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍：
European Journal of Physics is a journal of the European Physical Society and its primary mission is to assist in maintaining and improving the standard of taught physics in universities and other institutes of higher education.
Authors submitting articles must indicate the usefulness of their material to physics education and make clear the level of readership (undergraduate or graduate) for which the article is intended. Submissions that omit this information or which, in the publisher''s opinion, do not contribute to the above mission will not be considered for publication.
To this end, we welcome articles that provide original insights and aim to enhance learning in one or more areas of physics. They should normally include at least one of the following:
Explanations of how contemporary research can inform the understanding of physics at university level: for example, a survey of a research field at a level accessible to students, explaining how it illustrates some general principles.
Original insights into the derivation of results. These should be of some general interest, consisting of more than corrections to textbooks.
Descriptions of novel laboratory exercises illustrating new techniques of general interest. Those based on relatively inexpensive equipment are especially welcome.
Articles of a scholarly or reflective nature that are aimed to be of interest to, and at a level appropriate for, physics students or recent graduates.
Descriptions of successful and original student projects, experimental, theoretical or computational.
Discussions of the history, philosophy and epistemology of physics, at a level accessible to physics students and teachers.
Reports of new developments in physics curricula and the techniques for teaching physics.
Physics Education Research reports: articles that provide original experimental and/or theoretical research contributions that directly relate to the teaching and learning of university-level physics.
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