Assessment of glyphosate and its metabolites’ residue concentrations in cultured African Catfish offered for sale in selected markets in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

IF 3.6 Q2 TOXICOLOGY

Frontiers in toxicology Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI:10.3389/ftox.2023.1250137

Selim Adewale Alarape, Adekemi Florence Fagbohun, Oladeni Adegoke Ipadeola, Anthony Ayodeji Adeigbo, Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola, Olanike Kudirat Adeyemo

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Abstract

Introduction: Glyphosate is a non-targeted organophosphate insecticide whose solubility and mobility in hydrophilic solvents enable its rapid leaching into the soil and subsequent contamination of ground and surface water and possible build-up in the aquatic food chain. Based on the public health importance of glyphosate in fish through consumption, it is crucial to determine the current residue concentration in culture Clarias gariepinus species. The aim of the present study is to evaluate glyphosate’s residue concentrations and its metabolites in cultured African Catfish offered for sale in selected markets in Ibadan. Methods: A total of twenty-five (25) adult Clarias gariepinus (300 ± 50 g) were sourced from five (5) selected active fish markets (Ojoo, Iwo road, Eleyele, Challenge, and Apata) within the Ibadan metropolis. The collected fish tissue samples (liver, kidney, and spleen) were prepared for glyphosate residue concentration analysis using Liquid Chromatography (LC). Results: The results showed that glyphosate residues were recorded in all the seventy-five (75) fish tissue samples obtained from the selected fish markets in the Ibadan metropolis and all residue concentrations were above both the recommended Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 1.0 mg/kg (1 × 10 −3 mg/L) and Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) of 0.01 mg/kg (1 × 10 −5 mg/L). Isopropylamine has the highest residue concentration followed by N-Phosphonomethyl and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA), while N-Acetyl Glyphosate has the least residue concentration across the sampled markets. Discussion: The presence of residues of glyphosate and its metabolites in ready-to-eat fish calls for holistic, systematic, and effective risk management strategies towards monitoring pesticide/herbicide usage in aquaculture production and ensuring the provision of wholesome fish and fish products for the consumers.

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评估尼日利亚奥约州伊巴丹市选定市场上出售的养殖非洲鲶鱼中草甘膦及其代谢物的残留浓度

草甘膦是一种非靶向有机磷杀虫剂，其在亲水性溶剂中的溶解度和流动性使其能够快速浸出到土壤中，随后污染地表水和地下水，并可能在水生食物链中积聚。鉴于草甘膦在鱼类消费中的公共卫生重要性，确定养殖克拉尾鱼中草甘膦的当前残留浓度至关重要。本研究的目的是评估在伊巴丹选定市场上出售的养殖非洲鲶鱼中草甘膦的残留浓度及其代谢物。方法:选取伊巴丹市5个活跃鱼市(Ojoo、Iwo road、Eleyele、Challenge和Apata)，共25只成虫(300±50 g)。将采集的鱼组织(肝、肾、脾)制备，采用液相色谱法进行草甘膦残留浓度分析。结果:结果表明，从伊巴丹市选定的鱼市获得的75份鱼组织样本中均检测到草甘膦残留，且所有残留浓度均高于建议每日可接受摄入量(ADI) 1.0 mg/kg (1 × 10−3 mg/L)和最大残留限量(MRL) 0.01 mg/kg (1 × 10−5 mg/L)。异丙胺的残留浓度最高，其次是n -膦乙基和氨基甲基膦酸(AMPA)，而n -乙酰基草甘膦的残留浓度最低。讨论:即食鱼类中草甘膦及其代谢物残留的存在要求制定全面、系统和有效的风险管理战略，以监测水产养殖生产中农药/除草剂的使用情况，并确保为消费者提供健康的鱼类和鱼产品。

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