Negotiating work, family, and traffic: Articulations of married women's employment decisions in Greater Jakarta

IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q2 MANAGEMENT
Diahhadi Setyonaluri, Ariane Utomo
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The international literature on women and work calls on scholars to consider geographical, sociocultural, and institutional contexts governing women's employment dynamics over their life course. In Indonesia (and other lower middle-income regions in Southeast Asia), female labor force participation is lower in urban areas than rural areas. The largest drop-off occurs after marriage and childbearing. In this article, we argue that class and spatial context matters in examining the relationship between gender norms, gendered mobilities, and employment outcomes in mega-urban settings. Using qualitative research, we probe beyond conventional demographic studies to explore the dynamics of married women's (decisions to stay, leave, change, or return to) employment in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia's largest urban core. Our participants were discouraged from employment participation by norms that prioritize married women's role as primary caregivers, and spatial and workplace/regulatory constraints. Our analysis underscores how the participants' employment-related decisions consistently revolve around the concept of opportunity costs, defined as conflicts and tensions arise from mother's time away from children due to gender norms, lack of childcare and flexible formal employment options, and the long working and commuting hours in Greater Jakarta. Economic pressures for women to participate in the labor market are not matched by work–family policies, which are still rooted in entrenched ideals of women as wives and mothers.

协商工作、家庭和交通:大雅加达地区已婚妇女就业决定的阐述
有关妇女与工作的国际文献呼吁学者们考虑影响妇女一生就业动态的地理、社会文化和制度背景。在印度尼西亚(以及东南亚其他中低收入地区),城市地区的女性劳动力参与率低于农村地区。最大的下降发生在结婚和生育之后。在本文中,我们认为在研究特大城市环境中性别规范、性别流动性和就业结果之间的关系时,阶级和空间背景非常重要。通过定性研究,我们超越了传统的人口研究,探索了印尼最大的城市核心--大雅加达地区已婚妇女的就业动态(决定留在、离开、改变或重返)。已婚妇女作为主要照顾者的角色被置于优先地位,加上空间和工作场所/法规方面的限制,这些因素都阻碍了参与者参与就业。我们的分析强调了参与者与就业相关的决定如何始终围绕机会成本这一概念,即由于性别规范、缺乏儿童保育和灵活的正规就业选择以及大雅加达地区工作和通勤时间过长而导致的母亲与子女分离所产生的冲突和紧张关系。妇女参与劳动力市场的经济压力与工作-家庭政策并不匹配,后者仍然根植于妇女作为妻子和母亲的根深蒂固的理想。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
13.80%
发文量
139
期刊介绍: Gender, Work & Organization is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal. The journal was established in 1994 and is published by John Wiley & Sons. It covers research on the role of gender on the workfloor. In addition to the regular issues, the journal publishes several special issues per year and has new section, Feminist Frontiers,dedicated to contemporary conversations and topics in feminism.
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