Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination on Transmission: A Systematic Review

COVID Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI:10.3390/covid3100103

Anouk Oordt-Speets, Julia Spinardi, Carlos Mendoza, Jingyan Yang, Graciela Morales, John M. McLaughlin, Moe H. Kyaw

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Abstract

Vaccination against infectious disease affords direct protection from vaccine-induced immunity and additional indirect protection for unvaccinated persons. A systematic review was conducted to estimate the indirect effect of COVID-19 vaccination. From PubMed and Embase, 31 studies were included describing the impact of original wild-type COVID-19 vaccines on disease transmission or viral load. Overall, study results showed the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 transmission (range 16–95%), regardless of vaccine type or number of doses. The effect was apparent, but less pronounced against omicron (range 24–95% for pre-omicron variants versus 16–31% for omicron). Results from viral load studies were supportive, showing SARS-CoV-2 infections in vaccinated individuals had higher Ct values, suggesting lower viral load, compared to infections among the unvaccinated. Based on these findings, well-timed vaccination programs may help reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission—even in the omicron era. Whether better-matched vaccines can improve effectiveness against transmission in the omicron era needs further study.

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COVID-19疫苗预防传播的有效性:一项系统评价

预防传染病的疫苗接种可直接防止疫苗引起的免疫，并为未接种疫苗的人提供额外的间接保护。对COVID-19疫苗接种的间接效果进行了系统评价。来自PubMed和Embase的31项研究描述了原始野生型COVID-19疫苗对疾病传播或病毒载量的影响。总体而言，研究结果显示，无论疫苗类型或剂量多少，COVID-19疫苗接种对SARS-CoV-2传播的有效性(范围为16-95%)。这种影响是明显的，但对组粒变异的影响不那么明显(组粒前变异的范围为24-95%，而对组粒变异的范围为16-31%)。病毒载量研究的结果是支持性的，显示接种疫苗的个体感染SARS-CoV-2的Ct值较高，表明与未接种疫苗的感染相比，病毒载量较低。基于这些发现，及时的疫苗接种计划可能有助于减少SARS-CoV-2的传播，即使在微米时代也是如此。更好匹配的疫苗是否能提高在微米时代对抗传播的有效性还需要进一步研究。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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COVID

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