Influence of plasticity and porewater salinity on shrinkage and water retention characteristics of biochar‐engineered clays

IF 2.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE
Weiling Cai, Sanandam Bordoloi, Cheng Zhu, Chandra Bhanu Gupt
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Abstract

Abstract Clay‐engineered barriers might be subjected to soil salinization issues under climate change. A recently emerged desalinization method is achieved by modifying clays using biochar. However, unsaturated soil responses of biochar‐engineered clays in saline environments under drought conditions remain unknown. This study aims to investigate soil shrinkage and water retention characteristics of biochar‐amended kaolin and bentonite under saline conditions. Soil shrinkage and water retention tests were conducted on clays (with and without biochar addition) with various porewater salinity (i.e., 0%–10%). Physiochemical properties (including zeta potential and porewater pH) were measured to interpret particle–fluid interactions. Shrinkage characteristics of kaolin and bentonite exhibited sensitivity and insensitivity to the porewater salinity, respectively. This phenomenon was explained by hydrogen‐sodium ion exchange and deprotonation phenomenon occurring on kaolin and bentonite, respectively. Biochar significantly alleviated the salinity‐induced shrinkage of clays by increasing the shrinkage limit of kaolin and bentonite by 6%–14% and 50%–107%, respectively ( p < 0.05). This was attributed to the porous structure and hydrophilic functionality of biochar that immobilized sodium ions through ion exchange and protonation reactions. The air entry value of clays significantly increased with porewater salinity and biochar addition due to the reduction of void ratio and enhanced capillarity, respectively. An empirical equation was proposed to predict the shrinkage limit of clay in various saline conditions. It highlighted that the application of biochar‐engineered clays could contribute to the desalination and the improvement of resistance to shrinkage damage in hydro‐chemical barriers.
塑性和孔隙水矿化度对生物炭工程粘土收缩和保水特性的影响
摘要粘土工程屏障可能受到气候变化下土壤盐渍化问题的影响。最近出现的一种脱盐方法是通过使用生物炭修饰粘土来实现的。然而,在干旱条件下,生物炭工程粘土在盐渍环境下的非饱和土响应尚不清楚。本研究旨在研究生物炭改性高岭土和膨润土在盐渍条件下的土壤收缩和保水特性。在不同孔隙水盐度(即0%-10%)的粘土(添加和不添加生物炭)上进行了土壤收缩和保水性试验。通过测量物理化学性质(包括zeta电位和孔隙水pH)来解释颗粒-流体相互作用。高岭土和膨润土的收缩特性分别对孔隙水盐度敏感和不敏感。这种现象可以用高岭土和膨润土上分别发生的氢钠离子交换和去质子化现象来解释。生物炭通过将高岭土和膨润土的收缩极限分别提高6% ~ 14%和50% ~ 107%,显著缓解了盐分诱导的粘土收缩(p <0.05)。这归因于生物炭的多孔结构和亲水性,通过离子交换和质子化反应固定了钠离子。随着孔隙水盐度的降低和生物炭的加入,黏土的空气进入值显著增加,这分别是由于孔隙比的降低和毛细性的增强。提出了一个经验方程来预测粘土在不同盐分条件下的收缩极限。强调了生物炭工程粘土的应用有助于淡化海水,提高水化学屏障的抗收缩损伤能力。
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来源期刊
Soil Science Society of America Journal
Soil Science Society of America Journal 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
3.40%
发文量
130
审稿时长
3.6 months
期刊介绍: SSSA Journal publishes content on soil physics; hydrology; soil chemistry; soil biology; soil biochemistry; soil fertility; plant nutrition; pedology; soil and water conservation and management; forest, range, and wildland soils; soil and plant analysis; soil mineralogy, wetland soils. The audience is researchers, students, soil scientists, hydrologists, pedologist, geologists, agronomists, arborists, ecologists, engineers, certified practitioners, soil microbiologists, and environmentalists. The journal publishes original research, issue papers, reviews, notes, comments and letters to the editor, and book reviews. Invitational papers may be published in the journal if accepted by the editorial board.
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