Relativistic effects on the chemistry of heavier elements: why not given proper importance in chemistry education at the undergraduate and postgraduate level?

IF 2.2 Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES
Ankita Das, Udita Das, Ruhi Das, Asim K. Das
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Abstract Relativistic effects are important to understand the chemistry of heavier elements across the periodic table (PT). Three important relativistic effects are: contraction of s - and p -orbitals (direct relativistic effect), expansion of d - and f -orbitals (indirect relativistic effect) and spin–orbit (SO) coupling to split the p -, d - and f -orbitals. Each of these effects is approximately proportional to Z 2 ( Z = atomic number) for the valence shell electrons in many electron atoms and consequently, these relativistic effects dominantly control the properties of the heavier elements (mainly the 6th and 7th period elements). These aspects are not given the proper importance in most of the inorganic chemistry text books and in chemistry education at the university level.
相对论对重元素化学的影响:为什么在本科和研究生阶段的化学教育中不给予适当的重视?
相对论效应对于理解元素周期表(PT)中重元素的化学性质非常重要。三个重要的相对论效应是:s -和p -轨道的收缩(直接相对论效应),d -和f -轨道的膨胀(间接相对论效应)和自旋轨道(SO)耦合以分裂p -, d -和f -轨道。在许多电子原子中,这些效应与价层电子的z2 (Z =原子序数)大约成正比,因此,这些相对论效应主要控制重元素(主要是第6和第7周期元素)的性质。这些方面在大多数无机化学教材和大学化学教育中都没有得到应有的重视。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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