Dynamic of Diversity of Rate Establishment in the Practice of Agricultural Zakat Collection in Malaysia

IF 0.3 Q3 AREA STUDIES
Muhamad Firdaus Ab Rahman, Hussein ‘Azeemi Abdullah Thaidi, Siti Farahiyah Ab Rahim
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Abstract

The advancement of the agricultural sector necessitates modern technology and high-quality seeds as well as fertilisers; such growth parallels the increased cost of paddy planting in Malaysia. However, Islamic scholars have debated several issues regarding the evaluation of the agricultural zakat, including the reason behind the refusal of plant operation and farmers’ self-sustenance cost before zakat imposition. This article aims to analyse the diversity of rate establishment in the practice of agricultural zakat collection in Malaysia by examining the rates imposed based on irrigation and the deduction of some costs before the imposition of zakat. A qualitative approach was employed to interpret the data through inductive, deductive and comparative methods. As for field research, this study conducted semi-structured interviews in selected states of Malaysia, namely Selangor, Sarawak, Pulau Pinang, Terengganu and Perlis. The findings indicate that agricultural rates vary significantly between states, ranging from 5% to 7.5% or 10% of the total amount of the crop produced that has reached its nisab. These distinctions arose due to (1) the varied interpretations of the Islamic legal tradition by various schools of juristic thought and (2) the rate of zakat on crops, which requires discussion of irrigation and energy use by farmers. However, this non- uniformity is not attributable to disparities in living levels throughout Malaysia’s states. Therefore, further research is required to determine the substantial cost reduction of agricultural zakat in Malaysia, including self-sufficiency cost, considering the current agrarian economy’s needs and public interest.
马来西亚农业天课征收实践中费率设定多样性的动态
农业部门的发展需要现代技术和高质量的种子以及肥料;这种增长与马来西亚水稻种植成本的增加是同步的。然而,伊斯兰学者对农业天课的评价存在争议,包括拒绝种植的原因和征收天课前农民的自我维持成本。本文旨在分析马来西亚农业天课征收实践中费率建立的多样性,通过检查根据灌溉征收的费率和在征收天课之前扣除一些成本。采用定性的方法,通过归纳、演绎和比较的方法来解释数据。在实地调查方面,本研究在马来西亚选定的州进行了半结构化访谈,即雪兰莪州,砂拉越州,槟榔屿州,登嘉楼州和玻里斯州。研究结果表明,各州之间的农业比率差异很大,从5%到7.5%或10%的作物产量达到了最高产量。这些差异的产生是由于(1)不同的法学思想流派对伊斯兰法律传统的不同解释,(2)对农作物的天课(zakat)的比例,这需要讨论农民的灌溉和能源使用。然而,这种不均匀性并不能归因于马来西亚各州生活水平的差异。因此,考虑到当前的农业经济需求和公共利益,需要进一步研究确定马来西亚农业天课的大幅成本降低,包括自给自足成本。
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来源期刊
Kajian Malaysia
Kajian Malaysia AREA STUDIES-
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
26
审稿时长
20 weeks
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