Hunting with dogs: a synthesis of ethnohistorical data and discussion of their implications for prehistoric subsistence in New Guinea

IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY
Loukas G. Koungoulos, Adam Brumm
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Abstract

The advent of the dog is widely recognised as a major development in the economic organisation of ancient and contemporary hunter-gatherer and agricultural societies. Although the utility of dogs in assisting recent historical and contemporary New Guinean hunters is commonly emphasised in anthropological discourse, to date there has been no critical evaluation of their actual contributions to hunting yields and nutrition. As a result, it remains unclear what significance the advent of hunting dogs is likely to have had for prehistoric economies in New Guinea. Here we present a comprehensive synthesis and review of the evidence for the use of dogs in hunting within New Guinea, focusing on the ways in which they assist; what kinds of game they help to capture; the degree to which they improve hunting yields and efficiency; and how this affects the taxonomic makeup and average body-size of game in human diets. We then apply the findings to a consideration of how dogs likely affected the prehistoric economies of New Guinea after their introduction in the Late Holocene. As reliance on hunting dogs tends to produce over-representation of a few mammal species within hunting yields, we identify potential zooarchaeological signatures for the use of dogs, and discuss excavated sites at which these may be visible. Dogs have a transformative effect on the outcomes of hunting in New Guinea's environments, and their novel use likely marked a significant development in the island's economies which has previously been underestimated.

Abstract Image

用狗狩猎:人种史资料综述及其对新几内亚史前生存的影响的讨论
狗的出现被广泛认为是古代和当代狩猎采集和农业社会经济组织的重大发展。尽管在人类学的论述中,人们普遍强调狗在协助近代和当代新几内亚狩猎者方面的作用,但迄今为止,还没有对狗在狩猎产量和营养方面的实际贡献进行过批判性评估。因此,目前仍不清楚猎犬的出现对新几内亚史前经济的意义。在此,我们对新几内亚境内使用猎犬进行狩猎的证据进行了全面的综合和回顾,重点关注它们提供帮助的方式;它们帮助捕获的猎物种类;它们提高狩猎产量和效率的程度;以及这如何影响人类饮食中猎物的分类构成和平均体型。然后,我们将这些研究结果应用于对狗在全新世晚期引入后可能如何影响新几内亚史前经济的思考。由于对猎犬的依赖往往会导致少数哺乳动物物种在狩猎产量中的比例过高,因此我们确定了使用猎犬的潜在动物考古学特征,并讨论了可以看到这些特征的发掘遗址。狗对新几内亚环境中的狩猎结果具有变革性影响,狗的新用途很可能标志着该岛经济的重大发展,而这种发展以前一直被低估了。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: Archaeology in Oceania is published online and in print versions three times a year: April, July, October. It accepts articles and research reports in prehistoric and historical archaeology, modern material culture and human biology of ancient and modern human populations. Its primary geographic focus is Australia, the islands of the Pacific Ocean and lands of the western Pacific rim. All articles and research reports accepted as being within the remit of the journal and of appropriate standard will be reviewed by two scholars; authors will be informed of these comments though not necessarily of the reviewer’s names.
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