Comparison between honey produced by bees, aphids and wasps in Kurdistan Region - Iraq based on biochemical parameters

Jian Lateif Hussein
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Abstract

Honey is a sweet substance that has been valued by humans for its taste and health benefits. It is produced by honey bees from the sugary secretions of plants. However, other insects, such as aphids and wasps, also produce honey-like substances. This study aimed to compare the physical and biochemical properties of honey produced by honey bees, aphids, and wasps in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. To achieve this, samples of honey, bitter honey, honeydew, and wasp honey were collected and examined. The samples were analyzed for total sugar, sucrose, water, Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), acidity, total acidity, diastase activity, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (DPPH), and elements present. The tests applied were based on the international standard methods for honey analysis, Folin-Ciocalteu test for total phenols, DPPH radical scavenging test, and elemental analysis by ICP-OES. The study found that the physical and biochemical properties of honey produced by aphids and wasps were similar to those of honey produced by bees, with differences in total sugar, sucrose, water, HMF, acidity, total acidity, and diastase activity. Significant differences were found in TPC and antioxidant activities for most of the samples. However, the amounts of different elements present in the samples varied, with wasp honey containing high concentrations of Al, Mg, Fe, Mn, V, Ti, and Sr and being the only sample to contain vanadium. Overall, the results of this study suggest that honey samples produced by aphids and wasps were close to the specifications of bee honey and within accepted standards. However, when compared to bee honey, a significant difference was found in the total TPC and DPPH values. Honey is regarded as a necessary economic component and a healthy food, and this study contributes to our understanding of the properties of different types of honey.
伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区蜜蜂、蚜虫和黄蜂产蜜的生化参数比较
蜂蜜是一种甜味物质,因其味道和健康益处而受到人类的重视。它是由蜜蜂从植物的含糖分泌物中产生的。然而,其他昆虫,如蚜虫和黄蜂,也会产生类似蜂蜜的物质。本研究旨在比较伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区由蜜蜂、蚜虫和黄蜂生产的蜂蜜的物理和生化特性。为此,收集并检验了蜂蜜、苦蜂蜜、蜜露和蜂蜜的样品。分析样品的总糖、蔗糖、水分、羟甲基糠醛(HMF)、酸度、总酸度、淀粉酶活性、总酚含量(TPC)、抗氧化活性(DPPH)和元素含量。采用国际标准方法进行蜂蜜分析、总酚含量测定、DPPH自由基清除试验和ICP-OES元素分析。研究发现,蚜虫和黄蜂生产的蜂蜜的物理生化特性与蜜蜂生产的蜂蜜相似,只是在总糖、蔗糖、水分、HMF、酸度、总酸度、淀粉酶活性等方面存在差异。大多数样品的TPC和抗氧化活性存在显著差异。然而,样品中不同元素的含量各不相同,黄蜂蜂蜜中含有高浓度的Al, Mg, Fe, Mn, V, Ti和Sr,并且是唯一含有钒的样品。总体而言,本研究的结果表明,蚜虫和黄蜂生产的蜂蜜样品接近蜜蜂蜂蜜的规格,在公认的标准范围内。然而,当与蜜蜂蜂蜜比较时,发现总TPC和DPPH值有显著差异。蜂蜜被认为是一种必需的经济成分和健康食品,本研究有助于我们了解不同类型蜂蜜的特性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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