Obesity and Cancer

Abstract

It is a key priority in public health to treat illnesses due to the rising frequency of obesity-related malignancies. Around 11.9% of male and 13.1% of female cancer cases worldwide have an obesity-related malignancy as their primary cause. In addition to colorectal, postmenopausal ovarian, breast, gallbladder, thyroid, and multiple myeloma cancers, endometrial, esophageal, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, renal and pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and thyroid cancer, the relationship between obesity and cancer is clear in many anatomical sites. This article provides a thorough overview of the most recent epidemiological data on obesity and its connection to cancer in light of this urgent issue. The contradiction of weight increase and cancer risk and death. Furthermore, examining BMI differences in obesity-related malignancies offers a comprehensive grasp of the disease's complexities. These mechanisms include adipokine pathophysiology, cellular and micro environmental changes, ectopic fat accumulation, disruptions in dietary nutrients, circadian cycles, and potential factors like alteration of the intestinal flora and mechanical influences on weight. The conclusion's discussion of potential future approaches to prevention, detection, and treatment highlights the pressing need for more study and action on this important public health problem. The main objective is to increase knowledge of the complexity of obesity-related malignancies and increase awareness of it to create efficient methods for prevention and treatment. This review offers insight into how potential processes and risk factors combine on target tissues, ultimately causing them to take on a feature of cancer by addressing these important aspects. This review focuses on the Epidemiology of obesity influencing cancer, links between obesity and cancer, the influence of cancer by weight growth, somatometry, biological links, ectopic fat deposition, insulin sensitivity, adiponectin, obesity influencing widely occurring cancers, and FTO protein.