Advances in The Treatment of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma-ICLCA

Abstract

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCLCA) is a fatal hepatobiliary tumor becoming more common. For a long time, it was largely ignored as an uncommon cancer and commonly misdiagnosed as carcinoma of unidentified origin; nonetheless, significant clinical and research attention has been dedicated to it lately. First-line (gemcitabine and cisplatin), second-line (FOLFOX), and adjuvant (capecitabine) systemic chemotherapy is the accepted standard of treatment. iCLCA is genetically unique from hepatocellular carcinoma, with multiple targetable genetic abnormalities reported to be far. Indeed, FGFR2, NTRK fusions, IDH1, and BRAF targetable mutations have been thoroughly studied, and clinical evidence on pharmacologically targeting these oncogenic drivers is emerging. In addition, the role of immunotherapy has been investigated and is a hot topic. There is a need for therapeutic interventions for these ailments. Our review focuses on Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, Extrahepaticcholangiocarcinoma, Vascular Epidermal Growth Factor, IDH inhibitors, and Liver Cancer.