Body image perception and self-esteem among undergraduate medical students in Nanded, Maharashtra

Devi Padmakumar, I.F Inamdar, P L Gattani, R.D Gadekar
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Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Body image is the perception and attitude one holds toward one’s own body, especially, but not exclusively, one’s physical appearance. The promotion of positive body image improves people’s quality of life and behaviors related to health. Social factors, sociocultural influences, media pressure, and the pursuit of an ideal body, associated with accomplishments and happiness are among the causes of changes in the perception of body image, leading to dissatisfaction. There is very less literature on these topics among males and also medical students. Objectives: To assess body image perception and the influence of sociocultural factors on it and self-esteem among undergraduate students of a medical college. Methods : A cross-sectional study was carried out among 192 undergraduate medical students of a medical college from June 2021 to September 2021 using a predesigned pretested self-administered questionnaire in English. Results: Out of 200 students included in the study the mean age of study subjects was 19.78 ± 1.39 years, of which,107(56%) were males and 85(44%) were females. The 192 students were classified as Underweight (27(14%)), Normal weight (78(41%)), Overweight (43(22%)) and Obese I (44(23%)) according to Asian WHO BMI classification. BISS scores (which measure body image satisfaction) were the median of the six items after reverse-scoring the three positive-to-negative items which were found to be 5.5(4-7) and 53% of students showed body image dissatisfaction. 33% (63 students) of students have thin/low body fat internalization and about 77(40%) have muscular/athletic internalization.54(28%) students mostly agree about family pressure to attain the ideal appearance, 53(28%) feel pressure from peers and 75(39%) mostly agree with influence of media to attain ideal appearance. Out of the 192 students,124(64%) showed normal self-esteem, 63(33%) with low self-esteem, and 5(3%) with high self-esteem as per Rosenberg’s self-esteem score. A statistically significant association was found between BMI and body image perception and also between Body image perception with sociocultural attitudes toward the appearance and self-esteem of students. Conclusion: Body image dissatisfaction affects young students. In this study, about 53% of the students showed body image dissatisfaction. This perception of self has mainly been influenced by media (39%), family pressure (28%), and peer pressure (28%). Also, 33% of the students have low esteem with a significant association between Body image perception and self-esteem.
马哈拉施特拉邦南兰德医科本科生的身体形象感知与自尊
摘要:身体形象是一个人对自己身体的感知和态度,特别是但不限于一个人的外表。积极的身体形象的推广提高了人们的生活质量和与健康有关的行为。社会因素,社会文化的影响,媒体的压力,以及追求理想的身体,与成就和幸福相关,都是身体形象感知变化的原因,导致不满意。在男性和医学生中关于这些话题的文献很少。目的:了解某医学院本科学生的身体形象感知及社会文化因素对身体形象感知和自尊的影响。方法:采用预先设计的英文自填问卷,于2021年6月至2021年9月对某医学院192名本科医学生进行横断面研究。结果:纳入研究的200名学生平均年龄为19.78±1.39岁,其中男性107人(56%),女性85人(44%)。192名学生按WHO亚洲BMI分级分为体重过轻27人(14%)、体重正常78人(41%)、超重43人(22%)、肥胖1型44人(23%)。BISS分数(衡量身体形象满意度)是六个项目的中位数,在对三个正面到负面的项目进行反向评分后发现是5.5(4-7),53%的学生表现出身体形象不满意。33%(63名)的学生有瘦/低体脂内化,约77名(40%)的学生有肌肉/运动内化。54名(28%)的学生最认同为达到理想外表的家庭压力,53名(28%)的学生最认同为来自同龄人的压力,75名(39%)的学生最认同为达到理想外表的媒体影响。根据Rosenberg的自尊得分,192名学生中,124名(64%)表现为正常自尊,63名(33%)表现为低自尊,5名(3%)表现为高自尊。身体质量指数与身体形象感知之间存在显著的相关关系,身体形象感知与学生对外表和自尊的社会文化态度之间存在显著的相关关系。结论:身体形象不满影响青少年学生。在这项研究中,大约53%的学生表现出对身体形象的不满。这种自我认知主要受到媒体(39%)、家庭压力(28%)和同伴压力(28%)的影响。33%的学生自尊低下,身体形象感知与自尊显著相关。
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