{"title":"Drying curve simulation and LF-NMR online monitor of water state in ursolic acid loaded chitosan nanoparticles during microwave freeze drying","authors":"Xing Ren, Xu Duan, Weiwei Cao, Lujie Zhao, Guangyue Ren, Panpan Liu","doi":"10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7519","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Changes in various states of water in ursolic acid (UA) loaded chitosan nanoparticles were assessed using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) during microwave freeze drying (MFD) process, and six thin-layer models were applied to simulate the drying kinetics. UA nanoparticles were dried at different microwave power densities (1 W/g, 2 W/g and 4 W/g). The results showed that three water fractions with different transverse relaxation times (T2) were detected in fresh UA nanoparticles. The T2 relaxation time of water decreased significantly with the increase of drying time at different microwave power densities. And the mutual migration and transformation of water in different states during the drying process of chitosan nanoparticles occurred. Furthermore, mathematical model analysis showed that the Page model provided the best description during the process of UA nanoparticle dried by MFD. The Page model can better simulate the drying kinetics of chitosan nanoparticles dried by MFD, and LF-NMR technology can monitor the changes in water status of UA nanoparticles. The results revealed that LF-NMR can monitor the changes of water in UA nanoparticles during the drying process. Keywords: microwave, drying, chitosan nanoparticles, water distribution DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7519 Citation: Ren X, Duan X, Cao W W, Zhao L J, Ren G Y, Liu P P. Drying curve simulation and LF-NMR online monitor of water state in ursolic acid loaded chitosan nanoparticles during microwave freeze drying. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(4): 263-268.","PeriodicalId":13895,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7519","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Changes in various states of water in ursolic acid (UA) loaded chitosan nanoparticles were assessed using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) during microwave freeze drying (MFD) process, and six thin-layer models were applied to simulate the drying kinetics. UA nanoparticles were dried at different microwave power densities (1 W/g, 2 W/g and 4 W/g). The results showed that three water fractions with different transverse relaxation times (T2) were detected in fresh UA nanoparticles. The T2 relaxation time of water decreased significantly with the increase of drying time at different microwave power densities. And the mutual migration and transformation of water in different states during the drying process of chitosan nanoparticles occurred. Furthermore, mathematical model analysis showed that the Page model provided the best description during the process of UA nanoparticle dried by MFD. The Page model can better simulate the drying kinetics of chitosan nanoparticles dried by MFD, and LF-NMR technology can monitor the changes in water status of UA nanoparticles. The results revealed that LF-NMR can monitor the changes of water in UA nanoparticles during the drying process. Keywords: microwave, drying, chitosan nanoparticles, water distribution DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7519 Citation: Ren X, Duan X, Cao W W, Zhao L J, Ren G Y, Liu P P. Drying curve simulation and LF-NMR online monitor of water state in ursolic acid loaded chitosan nanoparticles during microwave freeze drying. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(4): 263-268.
期刊介绍:
International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (IJABE, https://www.ijabe.org) is a peer reviewed open access international journal. IJABE, started in 2008, is a joint publication co-sponsored by US-based Association of Agricultural, Biological and Food Engineers (AOCABFE) and China-based Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (CSAE). The ISSN 1934-6344 and eISSN 1934-6352 numbers for both print and online IJABE have been registered in US. Now, Int. J. Agric. & Biol. Eng (IJABE) is published in both online and print version by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering.