Unveiling of a puzzling dual ionic migration in lead- and iodide-deficient halide perovskites (d-HPs) and its impact on solar cell J–V curve hysteresis

Liam Gollino, Daming Zheng, Nicolas Mercier, Thierry Pauporté
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Abstract

Halide perovskite solar cells are characterized by a hysteresis between current–voltage (JV) curves recorded on the reverse and on the forward scan directions, and the suppression of this phenomenon has focused great attention. In the present work, it is shown that a special family of 3D perovskites, that are rendered lead -and iodide- deficient (d-HPs) by incorporating large organic cations, are characterized by a large hysteresis. The strategy of passivating defects by K+, which has been successful in reducing the hysteresis of 3D perovskite perovskite solar cells, is inefficient with the d-HPs. By glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES), the existence of the classic iodide migration in these layers is unveiled, which is efficiently blocked by potassium cation insertion. However, it is also shown that it co-exists with the migration of the large organic cations characteristics of d-HPs which are not blocked by the alkali metal ion. The migration of those large cations is intrinsically linked to the special structure of the d-HP. It is suggested that it takes place through channels, present throughout the whole perovskite layer after the substitution of PbI+ units by the large cations, making this phenomenon intrinsic to the original structure of d-HPs.

Abstract Image

揭示缺铅和缺碘卤化物过氧化物(d-HPs)中令人费解的双离子迁移及其对太阳能电池 J-V 曲线滞后的影响
卤化物过氧化物太阳能电池的特点是在反向和正向扫描方向上记录的电流-电压(J-V)曲线之间存在滞后现象,如何抑制这种现象引起了人们的极大关注。本研究表明,一种特殊的三维过氧化物晶体(通过加入大分子有机阳离子使其成为缺铅和缺碘(d-HPs)晶体)具有较大的滞后性。用 K+ 钝化缺陷的策略成功地减少了三维包晶体包晶体太阳能电池的滞后现象,但在 d-HPs 中效果不佳。通过辉光放电光学发射光谱(GD-OES),揭示了在这些层中存在典型的碘化物迁移,钾阳离子的插入有效地阻止了这种迁移。然而,研究还表明,这种迁移与 d-HPs 的大有机阳离子迁移同时存在,而后者不受碱金属离子的阻挡。这些大阳离子的迁移与 d-HP 的特殊结构有着内在联系。有人认为,在大阳离子取代 PbI+ 单元后,这种迁移是通过存在于整个包晶层的通道进行的,因此这种现象是 d-HPs 原始结构的固有特性。
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