Weathering the Geopolitical Storms: The Ever-elusive Success of EU Policy towards Iran

IF 1.6 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Riccardo Alcaro
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Between 2003 and 2022, European Union policy towards Iran was the result of continuous course corrections made by EU institutions and member states to dodge internal disagreements and navigate the agitated waters of a region – the Middle East and the Gulf – mired in multipolar competition and beset by fragmented governance arrangements. A comprehensive review of official documents, relevant literature and interviews conducted with Iranian and European officials and experts demonstrates that a combination of prioritisation, compartmentalisation and multilateralisation kept EU foreign and security policy towards Iran on a fairly proactive and coherent course for almost twenty years. However, the forces unleashed by the United States’ withdrawal from the 2015 nuclear deal and more recently by Iran’s collusion in Russia’s war on Ukraine as well as the turmoil inside the Islamic Republic itself put the limits of the EU’s capacity to mitigate the effects of geopolitical rivalries, Middle Eastern fragmentation and intra-EU contestation on its Iran policy in sharp relief.
经受地缘政治风暴:欧盟对伊朗政策的难以捉摸的成功
2003年至2022年期间,欧盟对伊朗的政策是欧盟机构和成员国不断修正路线的结果,目的是避免内部分歧,并在中东和海湾地区的动荡水域中航行。中东和海湾地区陷入多极竞争的泥潭,并受到支离破碎的治理安排的困扰。对官方文件、相关文献的全面审查以及对伊朗和欧洲官员和专家的采访表明,优先化、分区化和多边化的结合使欧盟对伊朗的外交和安全政策在近20年的时间里保持了相当积极和连贯的进程。然而,美国退出2015年核协议、最近伊朗勾结俄罗斯对乌克兰的战争以及伊朗伊斯兰共和国内部的动荡所释放的力量,使欧盟在缓解地缘政治对抗、中东分裂和欧盟内部争论对其伊朗政策的影响方面的能力受到限制。
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来源期刊
International Spectator
International Spectator INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS-
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
5.90%
发文量
41
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