The impact of platform mounting systems used in rope parks on tree vitality

IF 3 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forestry Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI:10.1093/forestry/cpad054

Grzegorz Szewczyk, Wojciech Kraj, Bartosz Mitka, Piotr Bożek, Paweł Tylek

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Abstract

Abstract Platforms mounted in rope parks cause injuries to trees. A new method for mounting platforms uses clamps, which are theoretically less damaging to trees. The aim of the study was to determine changes in the vitality of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in response to both old and new platform mounting systems. In the old system, wooden brackets are embedded in the cut fragments of tree trunks. The new system utilizes clamps that hug the trunks. A vitality assessment was carried out for control trees and trees with platforms on the basis of changes in the assimilation apparatus and the degree of thinning of the outer parts of the tree crowns. The visual assessments differentiated between four classes 0–3. We conducted the visual assessment of tree vitality four years after the installation of the platforms. The level of trunk circumference damaged at the platform attachment point was determined using photogrammetric measurements and laser scanning technology. The obtained results were compared to the vitality recorded for the control trees. Trees that initially had better vitality showed a clear decrease in vitality of ~0.5 class. Trees that initially had worse vitality showed a clear increase in vitality, ranging from 0.25 class for pines to 1 class for beeches. Pine and beech trees reacted differently to injuries caused by platform installations. Pine trees responded with a slight increase in vitality, while beech trees experienced a decrease of over a hundred percent. The reactions were more pronounced for the new type of platform. Although the new method of platform installation caused more damage to the surface of tree trunks, its impact on tree vitality was not significantly greater than that of the old system. Since the new system allows, in the long term, to change the position on the tree and adjust the clamping force to the trunk, it can be recommended for use in practice despite the overall slightly worse state of the trees when compared to trees with the old mounting system.

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绳索公园中使用的平台安装系统对树木活力的影响

安装在绳索公园的平台会对树木造成伤害。一种安装平台的新方法是使用夹子，理论上对树木的破坏较小。该研究的目的是确定苏格兰松(Pinus sylvestris L.)和欧洲山毛榉(Fagus sylvatica L.)在新旧平台安装系统下的活力变化。在旧的系统中，木制的支架嵌在砍下来的树干碎片中。新系统利用夹紧树干的夹子。根据同化装置的变化和树冠外层疏化程度，对对照树和平台树进行了活力评价。视觉评估分为4个0-3级。我们在平台安装四年后，对树木的活力进行了视觉评估。利用摄影测量和激光扫描技术确定了平台附着点的树干周长损伤程度。将所得结果与对照树的活力记录进行比较。最初具有较好活力的树木的活力明显下降了~0.5级。最初活力较差的树木的活力明显增加，从松树的0.25级到山毛榉的1级不等。松树和山毛榉对平台装置造成的伤害反应不同。松树的活力略有增加，而山毛榉的活力则减少了100%以上。对于这种新型平台，反应更为明显。虽然新的平台安装方式对树干表面的破坏更大，但对树木活力的影响并不明显大于旧系统。由于新系统允许，从长远来看，改变树的位置和调整夹紧力到树干，它可以推荐在实践中使用，尽管树木的整体状态略差，与旧安装系统的树木相比。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Forestry 农林科学-林学

CiteScore

6.70

自引率

7.10%

发文量

审稿时长

12-24 weeks

期刊介绍： The journal is inclusive of all subjects, geographical zones and study locations, including trees in urban environments, plantations and natural forests. We welcome papers that consider economic, environmental and social factors and, in particular, studies that take an integrated approach to sustainable management. In considering suitability for publication, attention is given to the originality of contributions and their likely impact on policy and practice, as well as their contribution to the development of knowledge. Special Issues - each year one edition of Forestry will be a Special Issue and will focus on one subject in detail; this will usually be by publication of the proceedings of an international meeting.