Biochar derived from invasive plants improved the pH, macronutrient availability and biological properties better than liming for acid rain-affected soil

IF 13.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Biochar Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI:10.1007/s42773-023-00251-9

Yazheng Li, Ahmed I. Abdo, Zhaoji Shi, Abdel-Rahman M. A. Merwad, Jiaen Zhang

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Abstract

Abstract Rapid development in industrialization and urbanization causes serious environmental issues, of which acid rain is one of the quintessential hazards, negatively affecting soil ecology. Liming has been investigated for a long time as the most effective amendment to alter the adverse effects of soil acidity resulting from acid rain. Herein, this study tested the biochar produced from invasive plants as an alternative amendment and hypothesized that biochar can maintain better availability of macronutrients under acid rain than liming by improving soil chemical and biological properties. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to compare the effects of lime and biochar at two rates (1% and 3%) on soil available nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) under simulated acid rain of two pH levels (4.5: pH 4.5 and 2.5: pH 2.5 ) as compared with tap water (pH 7.1 ) as a control treatment. Biochar was produced using different invasive plants, including Blackjack ( Biden Pilosa ), Wedelia ( Wedelia trilobata ) and Bitter Vine ( Mikania micrantha Kunth ). Liming decreased the availability of soil N, P, and K by 36.3% as compared with the control due to the great increment in soil pH and exchangeable calcium (Ca 2+ ) by 59% and 16-fold, respectively. Moreover, liming reduced the alpha diversity of soil bacteria and fungi by 27% and 11%, respectively. In contrast, biochar at different types and rates resulted in a fourfold increment in the available N, P, and K as an average under acid rain (pH 4.5 and pH 2.5 ) owing to maintaining a neutral pH (6.5–7), which is the most favorable level for soil microbial and enzymatic activites, and the bioavailability of soil nutrients. Furthermore, biochar caused balanced increments in Ca 2+ by threefold, cation exchange capacity by 45%, urease activity by 16%, and fungal diversity by 10%, while having a slight reduction in bacterial diversity by 2.5%. Based on the path, correlation, and principal component analyses, the exchangeable aluminum was a moderator for the reductions in macronutrients’ availability under acid rain, which decreased by 40% and 35% under liming and biochar, respectively. This study strongly recommended the use of biochar from invasive plants instead of lime for sustainable improvements in soil properties under acid rain. Graphical Abstract

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入侵植物生物炭对酸雨影响土壤的pH值、常量养分有效性和生物学特性的改善优于石灰

工业化和城市化的快速发展导致了严重的环境问题，酸雨是典型的危害之一，对土壤生态产生了负面影响。长期以来，人们一直在研究石灰作为改变酸雨对土壤酸度影响的最有效的改良剂。因此，本研究测试了入侵植物产生的生物炭作为一种替代改良剂，并假设生物炭通过改善土壤的化学和生物特性，在酸雨条件下保持比石灰更好的宏量营养素有效性。因此，通过盆栽试验，比较了石灰和生物炭在两种pH值(4.5:ph4.5和2.5:ph2.5)的模拟酸雨条件下(pH值为7.1)与自来水(pH值为7.1)对土壤速效氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)的影响。生物炭是用不同的入侵植物生产的，包括黑杰克(拜登·皮洛萨)，Wedelia(三叶Wedelia)和苦藤(薇甘菊)。石灰处理导致土壤pH和交换性钙(ca2 +)分别大幅增加59%和16倍，使土壤N、P和K的有效性比对照降低36.3%。石灰处理使土壤细菌和真菌的α多样性分别降低27%和11%。相反，不同类型和速率的生物炭在酸雨(pH 4.5和pH 2.5)条件下，由于保持了最有利于土壤微生物和酶活性以及土壤养分生物有效性的中性pH(6.5-7)，导致有效氮、磷和钾的平均增加了4倍。此外，生物炭使ca2 +平衡增加了3倍，阳离子交换容量增加了45%，脲酶活性增加了16%，真菌多样性增加了10%，而细菌多样性减少了2.5%。通过通径分析、相关分析和主成分分析发现，交换性铝是酸雨条件下宏量营养素有效性降低的减缓剂，石灰化和生物炭条件下宏量营养素有效性分别降低了40%和35%。本研究强烈建议使用入侵植物的生物炭代替石灰，以持续改善酸雨下的土壤性质。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Biochar Multiple-

CiteScore

18.60

自引率

10.20%

发文量

期刊介绍： Biochar stands as a distinguished academic journal delving into multidisciplinary subjects such as agronomy, environmental science, and materials science. Its pages showcase innovative articles spanning the preparation and processing of biochar, exploring its diverse applications, including but not limited to bioenergy production, biochar-based materials for environmental use, soil enhancement, climate change mitigation, contaminated-environment remediation, water purification, new analytical techniques, life cycle assessment, and crucially, rural and regional development. Biochar publishes various article types, including reviews, original research, rapid reports, commentaries, and perspectives, with the overarching goal of reporting significant research achievements, critical reviews fostering a deeper mechanistic understanding of the science, and facilitating academic exchange to drive scientific and technological development.