Sleep Disorders, Comorbidities, Actions, Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction, and Medications (“Sleep C.A.L.M.”) in the Evaluation and Management of Nocturia: A Simple Approach to a Complex Diagnosis

Abstract

(Abstracted from Neurourol Urodyn 2023;42:562–572) The number of times urine is passed during the main sleep period, or nocturia, is a condition based on a fundamentally mismatched relationship between functional bladder storage capacity and nocturnal urine production, modulated by sleep patterns. Although nocturia may be caused by genitourinary tract abnormalities, other factors such as medical diseases, medications, sleep disorders, or modifiable behavioral factors may exert consequences between sleep and urine storage/production.