Controlling anisotropy and brittle-to-ductile transitions by varying extrusion width in short fibre reinforced additive manufacturing

IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL
Jiongyi Yan, Emrah Demirci, Andrew Gleadall
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Abstract

Purpose Extrusion width, the width of printed filaments, affects multiple critical aspects in mechanical properties in material extrusion additive manufacturing: filament geometry, interlayer load-bearing bonded area and fibre orientation for fibre-reinforced composites. However, this study aims to understand the effects of extrusion width on 3D printed composites, which has never been studied systematically. Design/methodology/approach Four polymers with and without short-fibre reinforcement were 3D printed into single-filament-wide specimens. Tensile properties, mechanical anisotropy and fracture mechanisms were evaluated along the direction of extruded filaments (F) and normal to the interlayer bond (Z). Extrusion width, nozzle temperature and layer height were studied separately via single-variable control. The extrusion width was controlled by adjusting polymer flow in the manufacturing procedure (gcode), where optimisation can be achieved with software/structure design as opposed to hardware. Findings Increasing extrusion width caused a transition from brittle to ductile fracture, and greatly reduced directional anisotropy for strength and ductility. For all short fibre composites, increasing width led to an increase in strain-at-break and decreased strength and stiffness in the F direction. In the Z direction, increasing width led to increased strength and strain-at-break, and stiffness decreased for less ductile materials but increased for more ductile materials. Originality/value The transformable fracture reveals the important role of extrusion width in processing-structure-property correlation. This study reveals a new direction for future research and industrial practice in controlling anisotropy in additive manufacturing. Increasing extrusion width may be the simplest way to reduce anisotropy while improving printing time and quality in additive manufacturing.
在短纤维增强增材制造中,通过改变挤压宽度来控制各向异性和脆性到延性的转变
挤出宽度,即打印长丝的宽度,影响着材料挤出增材制造中力学性能的多个关键方面:长丝几何形状、层间承重粘合面积和纤维增强复合材料的纤维取向。然而,本研究旨在了解挤压宽度对3D打印复合材料的影响,这一点从未被系统地研究过。设计/方法/方法将四种带有或不带有短纤维增强的聚合物3D打印成单纤维宽的样品。通过单变量控制分别研究了挤压长丝方向(F)和层间键合方向(Z)的拉伸性能、力学各向异性和断裂机制。挤出宽度是通过调整制造过程中的聚合物流动来控制的(gcode),其中优化可以通过软件/结构设计而不是硬件来实现。结果:增大挤压宽度可导致脆性断裂向韧性断裂转变,强度和延性的方向各向异性显著降低。对于所有短纤维复合材料,宽度的增加导致断裂应变的增加和F方向的强度和刚度的降低。在Z方向上,宽度的增加导致强度和断裂应变的增加,韧性较小的材料刚度减小,而韧性较大的材料刚度增大。变形断裂揭示了挤压宽度在加工-结构-性能关系中的重要作用。本研究为增材制造中控制各向异性的研究和工业实践提供了新的方向。在增材制造中,增加挤出宽度可能是减少各向异性同时提高打印时间和质量的最简单方法。
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来源期刊
Rapid Prototyping Journal
Rapid Prototyping Journal 工程技术-材料科学:综合
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
10.30%
发文量
137
审稿时长
4.6 months
期刊介绍: Rapid Prototyping Journal concentrates on development in a manufacturing environment but covers applications in other areas, such as medicine and construction. All papers published in this field are scattered over a wide range of international publications, none of which actually specializes in this particular discipline, this journal is a vital resource for anyone involved in additive manufacturing. It draws together important refereed papers on all aspects of AM from distinguished sources all over the world, to give a truly international perspective on this dynamic and exciting area. -Benchmarking – certification and qualification in AM- Mass customisation in AM- Design for AM- Materials aspects- Reviews of processes/applications- CAD and other software aspects- Enhancement of existing processes- Integration with design process- Management implications- New AM processes- Novel applications of AM parts- AM for tooling- Medical applications- Reverse engineering in relation to AM- Additive & Subtractive hybrid manufacturing- Industrialisation
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