Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Clinicopathological correlations

Abstract

Background: Histological, genetic, and anatomical characteristics distinguish gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) from other neoplasms. GISTs, the most common gastrointestinal (GI) mesenchymal tumours, occur 7 to 19 times per million annually. This study discusses GIST clinicopathological relationships and how they might be used to optimize risk stratification and adjuvant treatment. Method: Cross-sectional research of 99 gastrointestinal stromal tumour patients from January 2019 to January 2023 at Medical city/GIT and hepatology teaching hospital and Medical city teaching complex/teaching laboratories/histopathology department. All patients were queried about age (years), gender, tumour location and size, mitotic rate (high or low), and cancer risk group (high, moderate, low, and very low). Results: Mean patient age 52.5 ± 13 years old. 32.3% of patients over 60, 24.3% 51-60. Males 54.5%, females 45.5%. Patients 52.5% had lower Mitotic rate 550 HPF, 49.5% are high risk. 58.59% of patients have stomach tumours, 22.22% have large bowel tumours, and 19.19% have small intestine tumours. Mitotic rate is associated with risk; 97.9% of high Mitotic rates are high risk. Site and danger are also associated: 24.1% of stomach tumours are high risk while 72.7% of small intestinal tumours are extremely low risk. No substantial connection exists between age and gender and risk. Risk category affects tumour size: high risk has large tumours, whereas low risk has small tumours. Conclusion: Our analysis confirms key GIST prognostic correlations. We confirmed that high mitotic rate, tumour location, and size influence risk category, validating previous research. Age and gender affected GIST prevalence, but not risk category in our group. These results emphasise the need for extensive risk classification in GISTs for effective patient care and need additional study of population-specific demographics and features.