Analysis of Groundwater Depletion in the Saskatchewan River Basin in Canada from Coupled SWAT-MODFLOW and Satellite Gravimetry

IF 3.1 Q2 WATER RESOURCES

Hydrology Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI:10.3390/hydrology10090188

Mohamed Hamdi, Kalifa Goïta

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Abstract

The Saskatchewan River Basin (SRB) of central Canada plays a crucial role in the Canadian Prairies. Yet, climate change and human action constitute a real threat to its hydrological processes. This study aims to evaluate and analyze groundwater spatial and temporal dynamics in the SRB. Groundwater information was derived and compared using two different approaches: (1) a mathematical modeling framework coupling the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the Modular hydrologic model (MODFLOW) and (2) gravimetric satellite observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission and its follow-on (GRACE-FO). Both methods show generalized groundwater depletion in the SRB that can reach −1 m during the study period (2002–2019). Maximum depletion appeared especially after 2011. The water balance simulated by SWAT-MODFLOW showed that SRB could be compartmented roughly into three main zones. The mountainous area in the extreme west of the basin is the first zone, which is the most dynamic zone in terms of recharge, reaching +0.5 m. The second zone is the central area, where agricultural and industrial activities predominate, as well as potable water supplies. This zone is the least rechargeable and most intensively exploited area, with depletion ranging from +0.2 to −0.4 m during the 2002 to 2011 period and up to −1 m from 2011 to 2019. Finally, the third zone is the northern area that is dominated by boreal forest. Here, exploitation is average, but the soil does not demonstrate significant storage power. Briefly, the main contribution of this research is the quantification of groundwater depletion in the large basin of the SRB using two different methods: process-oriented and satellite-oriented methods. The next step of this research work will focus on the development of artificial intelligence approaches to estimate groundwater depletion from a combination of GRACE/GRACE-FO and a set of multisource remote sensing data.

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基于SWAT-MODFLOW和卫星重力耦合的加拿大萨斯喀彻温河流域地下水枯竭分析

加拿大中部的萨斯喀彻温河流域(SRB)在加拿大大草原中起着至关重要的作用。然而，气候变化和人类活动对其水文过程构成了真正的威胁。本研究旨在评价和分析SRB地下水的时空动态。地下水信息的导出和比较采用两种不同的方法:(1)耦合土壤和水分评估工具(SWAT)和模块化水文模型(MODFLOW)的数学建模框架;(2)重力恢复与气候实验(GRACE)任务及其后续任务(GRACE- fo)的重力卫星观测。两种方法都表明，在研究期间(2002-2019年)，SRB的地下水普遍枯竭，可达到- 1 m。2011年之后出现了最大消耗。SWAT-MODFLOW模拟的水平衡表明，SRB可以大致划分为三个主要区域。盆地最西端的山区为第一区，是补给最活跃的区域，可达+0.5 m。第二个区域是中心区域，农业和工业活动占主导地位，以及饮用水供应。该区域是可再充性最低、开发最密集的区域，2002年至2011年期间的枯竭范围为+0.2至- 0.4 m, 2011年至2019年期间的枯竭范围为- 1 m。最后，第三个区域是以北方森林为主的北部地区。在这里，开采是平均水平，但土壤没有表现出显著的储存能力。简而言之，本研究的主要贡献是使用两种不同的方法:面向过程的方法和面向卫星的方法对SRB大流域的地下水枯竭进行量化。这项研究工作的下一步将侧重于开发人工智能方法，通过GRACE/GRACE- fo和一组多源遥感数据的组合来估计地下水枯竭。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Hydrology Earth and Planetary Sciences-Earth-Surface Processes

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

21.90%

发文量

192

审稿时长

6 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Hydrology publishes original research papers and comprehensive reviews in all the subfields of the hydrological sciences, including water based management and policy issues that impact on economics and society. These comprise, but are not limited to the physical, chemical, biogeochemical, stochastic and systems aspects of surface and groundwater hydrology, hydrometeorology, hydrogeology and hydrogeophysics. Relevant topics incorporating the insights and methodologies of disciplines such as climatology, water resource systems, ecohydrology, geomorphology, soil science, instrumentation and remote sensing, data and information sciences, civil and environmental engineering are within scope. Social science perspectives on hydrological problems such as resource and ecological economics, sociology, psychology and behavioural science, management and policy analysis are also invited. Multi-and interdisciplinary analyses of hydrological problems are within scope. The science published in the Journal of Hydrology is relevant to catchment scales rather than exclusively to a local scale or site. Studies focused on urban hydrological issues are included.

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