The role of waves in the resuspension and transport of fine sediment and mine tailings from the Fundão Dam failure, Doce River, Brazil

IF 3.5 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Susana Beatriz Vinzon , Marcos Nicolas Gallo , Mariela Gabioux , Diego Luiz Fonseca , Fernanda Minikowski Achete , Renato David Ghisolfi , Guilherme Nogueira Mill , Sabrina Aparecida Ramos da Fonseca , Valéria da Silva Quaresma , Kyssyanne Samihra Santos Oliveira , Guilherme Brigagão , Léo Gonçalves Machado
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Abstract

In one of the world's worst mining disasters, after flowing 670 km down the Doce River, about 20 million m3 of tailings reached the coast of Brazil in November 2015. The occurrence of persistent northerly winds favored the detachment of the river plume from the coastline and its displacement southward. However, observations of the sediment plume along the coast during the year following the breach, using aerial photographs, indicated that the plume is more extensive and persistent in a northerly direction. Previous studies have shown that although the most persistent winds are from the northern sector (70%), there is a greater incidence of waves from the southern sector (62%), especially with greater heights and periods. In this research, the effect of gravity waves on the transport of sediments is investigated, and, therefore, tailings from the Doce River and deposited on the adjacent inner continental shelf, mixed with the fluvial mud deposit also are investigated. Two mechanisms were investigated: 1) the effect of waves on sediment resuspension and their combination with tidal and wind forcings, using a two-dimensions in the horizontal directions (2DH) numerical model within the DELFT3D software, and 2) the capture of the fluvial plume by littoral drift, calculated by means of analytical models using data from wave propagation modeling. Both mechanisms were studied for 2019, also considering two major meteorological events in the region. Both effects were relevant for the northward dispersion of fine sediment, highlighting the effect of waves on the potential for northward transport of tailings towards the Abrolhos Bank.

波浪在巴西多塞河 Fundão 大坝溃坝造成的细小沉积物和矿山尾矿再悬浮和迁移中的作用
在 2015 年 11 月发生的世界上最严重的矿业灾难之一中,约 2 000 万立方米的尾矿沿多塞河流下 670 公里后到达巴西海岸。持续的北风有利于河流羽流脱离海岸线并向南漂移。然而,利用航拍照片对决堤后一年内沿岸沉积物羽流的观察表明,羽流向北的范围更广,持续时间更长。以前的研究表明,虽然最持久的风来自北区(70%),但来自南区的海浪发生率更高(62%),尤其是高度和周期更大的海浪。本研究调查了重力波对沉积物迁移的影响,因此也调查了来自多塞河并沉积在邻近内大陆架上的尾矿与河泥沉积物的混合情况。研究了两种机制1) 利用 DELFT3D 软件中的水平方向二维(2DH)数值模型,研究了波浪对沉积物再悬浮的影响及其与潮汐和风力作用的结合;2) 利用波浪传播建模数据,通过分析模型计算出沿岸漂流对河流羽流的捕获。对 2019 年的两种机制进行了研究,同时还考虑了该地区的两次重大气象事件。这两种效应都与细沉积物向北扩散有关,突出了波浪对尾矿向阿布罗尔霍斯滩北移的潜力的影响。
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来源期刊
International Journal of Sediment Research
International Journal of Sediment Research 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
5.60%
发文量
88
审稿时长
74 days
期刊介绍: International Journal of Sediment Research, the Official Journal of The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation and The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research, publishes scientific and technical papers on all aspects of erosion and sedimentation interpreted in its widest sense. The subject matter is to include not only the mechanics of sediment transport and fluvial processes, but also what is related to geography, geomorphology, soil erosion, watershed management, sedimentology, environmental and ecological impacts of sedimentation, social and economical effects of sedimentation and its assessment, etc. Special attention is paid to engineering problems related to sedimentation and erosion.
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