Blood-Derived Exosomes With Anti-Inflammatory Properties As A New Minimally Invasive Intratesticular Therapy For Aflatoxin B1-Associated Chronic Testopathy
{"title":"Blood-Derived Exosomes With Anti-Inflammatory Properties As A New Minimally Invasive Intratesticular Therapy For Aflatoxin B1-Associated Chronic Testopathy","authors":"Fatemeh Mansouri Torghabeh, Mona Keivan, Mandana Fakoor, Reza Dadfar, Mahsa Nazarzadeh, Amir Abdolmaleki","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2023.0301","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Rationale — Aflatoxin B1 (AB1) is a dangerous toxin causing severe poisoning and even death in human. Testopathy or even infertility is one of the adverse effects of AB1. Exosomes (Ex) with anti-inflammatory action are known as biological substances derived from body fluids. This experimental study aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic effects of blood-derived Ex on orchitis caused by chronic exposure to AB1. Methods — Male rats (n=18) were distributed among three groups: control, AB1 and AB1+Ex. Orchitis was induced with AB1 (45 μL/kg of rat weight) for 40 days (3 times a week). A day later, 10 IU Ex were injected intratesticularly. A week later, testicular tissue and blood serum were sampled. To confirm the therapeutic effects of Ex, inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), testosterone (Tes) and sperm quality were fully evaluated. In addition, H&E staining was used to investigate tissue changes, and immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment was employed to detect the inflammatory protein, galectin-3. The results were analyzed using SPSS (v.19). Results and Discussion — Our results confirmed that Ex therapy can significantly (p<0.05) increase normal morphology (25.01±2.23 in the AB1+Ex group vs. 10.1±0.9 in the AB1 group), number (76.12±6.7 in the AB1+Ex group vs. 27.8±3.2 in AB1 group), and vitality (53.4±6.12 in AB1+Ex vs. 41.9±4.6 in AB1) of sperm cells. Blood-derived Ex significantly (p<0.05) reduced the expression of inflammatory genes (6-fold change was observed in AB1+Ex vs. 17-fold in AB1 for TNF-α, 3-fold change was detected in AB1+Ex vs. 6-fold in AB1 for IL-6, and 2-fold change took place in AB1+Ex vs. 6-fold in AB1 for IL-10), NO (23.1±2.6 in AB1+Ex vs. 62.8±8 0.1 in AB1) and MDA (33.2±4.9 in AB1+Ex vs. 68.9±5.46 in AB1), and increased Tes level (7.1±0.5 in AB1+Ex vs. 1.14±0.3 in AB1) in AB1-affected rats. Histopathological evaluations revealed tissue regeneration after Ex injection. Also, the produced sperm cells were of high quality. Conclusion — Intratesticular injection of Ex from the blood can be considered as a novel anti-inflammatory therapy after AB1-induced orchitis.","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Russian Open Medical Journal","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2023.0301","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Rationale — Aflatoxin B1 (AB1) is a dangerous toxin causing severe poisoning and even death in human. Testopathy or even infertility is one of the adverse effects of AB1. Exosomes (Ex) with anti-inflammatory action are known as biological substances derived from body fluids. This experimental study aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic effects of blood-derived Ex on orchitis caused by chronic exposure to AB1. Methods — Male rats (n=18) were distributed among three groups: control, AB1 and AB1+Ex. Orchitis was induced with AB1 (45 μL/kg of rat weight) for 40 days (3 times a week). A day later, 10 IU Ex were injected intratesticularly. A week later, testicular tissue and blood serum were sampled. To confirm the therapeutic effects of Ex, inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), testosterone (Tes) and sperm quality were fully evaluated. In addition, H&E staining was used to investigate tissue changes, and immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment was employed to detect the inflammatory protein, galectin-3. The results were analyzed using SPSS (v.19). Results and Discussion — Our results confirmed that Ex therapy can significantly (p<0.05) increase normal morphology (25.01±2.23 in the AB1+Ex group vs. 10.1±0.9 in the AB1 group), number (76.12±6.7 in the AB1+Ex group vs. 27.8±3.2 in AB1 group), and vitality (53.4±6.12 in AB1+Ex vs. 41.9±4.6 in AB1) of sperm cells. Blood-derived Ex significantly (p<0.05) reduced the expression of inflammatory genes (6-fold change was observed in AB1+Ex vs. 17-fold in AB1 for TNF-α, 3-fold change was detected in AB1+Ex vs. 6-fold in AB1 for IL-6, and 2-fold change took place in AB1+Ex vs. 6-fold in AB1 for IL-10), NO (23.1±2.6 in AB1+Ex vs. 62.8±8 0.1 in AB1) and MDA (33.2±4.9 in AB1+Ex vs. 68.9±5.46 in AB1), and increased Tes level (7.1±0.5 in AB1+Ex vs. 1.14±0.3 in AB1) in AB1-affected rats. Histopathological evaluations revealed tissue regeneration after Ex injection. Also, the produced sperm cells were of high quality. Conclusion — Intratesticular injection of Ex from the blood can be considered as a novel anti-inflammatory therapy after AB1-induced orchitis.
期刊介绍:
Russian Open Medical Journal (RusOMJ) (ISSN 2304-3415) is an international peer reviewed open access e-journal. The website is updated quarterly with the RusOMJ’s latest original research, clinical studies, case reports, reviews, news, and comment articles. This Journal devoted to all field of medicine. All the RusOMJ’s articles are published in full on www.romj.org with open access and no limits on word counts. Our mission is to lead the debate on health and to engage, inform, and stimulate doctors, researchers, and other health professionals in ways that will improve outcomes for patients. The RusOMJ team is based mainly in Saratov (Russia), although we also have editors elsewhere in Russian and in other countries.