The Berber Question And (Re)Imagining The Nation In Contemporary Morocco

Hamza Azauoi
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Abstract

This paper aims to emphasize that the French colonial intervention in Morocco represents a metamorphic historical turning point that should not be bracketed from the general process of revisiting the teleological assumptions about what constitutes the contemporary Moroccan Identity. It sets the challenge of problematizing the Nationalists’ cultural agenda whose insistence on a fetishized continuity with the precolonial history has eclipsed the disruptive effects of the colonial configurations and symbolic struggles of groups who were cast aside though they were at the center of anti-colonial resistance. Telling Morocco’s colonial history from a third perspective would bring hitherto neglected and silenced actors, in our case the Berber tribal groups under the spotlight, and draw together both elite and not elite actors into the scope of analysis. The premise behind analyzing the Berber oral poetry which was composed and sung on the eve of colonial expansion, is to understand the standpoint of these “peripheral groups” over matters of political allegiance and Jihad, away from the totalizing narratives of the official historiography. These artistic outlets are primary sources of a significant importance because they provide unexplored details of how Berber groups endured living at the center of the struggle between the colonial administration and the Arabophone nationalist elite. They demonstrate also the complex adjustments and inter/ intra- tribal negotiations these groups have to go through to reconfigure those mechanisms of power that sought to annihilate their subjectivities as agents of change
柏柏尔人的问题和(再)想象当代摩洛哥的民族
本文旨在强调,法国在摩洛哥的殖民干预代表了一个变质的历史转折点,不应该从重新审视关于什么构成当代摩洛哥身份的目的论假设的一般过程中被括起来。它提出了质疑民族主义者的文化议程的挑战,他们坚持与前殖民历史的拜物教连续性,掩盖了殖民结构的破坏性影响和群体的象征性斗争,尽管他们处于反殖民抵抗的中心,但他们被抛弃了。从第三个角度讲述摩洛哥的殖民历史,将使迄今为止被忽视和沉默的参与者,在我们的案例中是柏柏尔部落群体,置于聚光灯下,并将精英和非精英参与者聚集在分析范围内。分析柏柏尔人在殖民扩张前夕创作和演唱的口述诗歌,其前提是要理解这些“边缘群体”在政治忠诚和圣战问题上的立场,远离官方史学的总体叙述。这些艺术渠道是非常重要的主要来源,因为它们提供了柏柏尔群体如何忍受生活在殖民政府和阿拉伯语民族主义精英之间斗争中心的未被探索的细节。它们也展示了这些群体必须经历的复杂的调整和部落间/内部谈判,以重新配置那些试图消灭其作为变革推动者的主体性的权力机制
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