Towards the characterization of sustainable diet’s gut microbiota composition and functions

Mariana Lares-Michel, Zyanya Reyes-Castillo, Fatima Ezzahra Housni
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Abstract

Abstract The gut microbiome is a key element for health preservation and disease prevention. Nevertheless, defining a healthy gut microbiome is complex since it is modulated by several factors, such as host genetics, sex, age, geographical zone, drug use, and, especially, diet. Although a healthy diet has proven to increase microbial alpha and beta diversity and to promote the proliferation of health-related bacteria, considering the current environmental and nutritional crisis, such as climate change, water shortage, loss of diversity, and the obesity pandemic, it should be highlighted that a healthy diet is not always sustainable. Sustainable diets are dietary patterns that promote all dimensions of people’s health and well-being while exerting low pressure on the environment, and being accessible, affordable, safe, equitable, and culturally acceptable. Examples of diets that tend to be sustainable are the Planetary Health Diet of the EAT-Lancet Commission or territorial diets such as the Mediterranean and the Traditional Mexican diet (milpa diet), adapted to specific contexts. These diets are principally plant-based but include small or moderate amounts of animal-based foods. Characterising the effects of sustainable diets on gut microbiota is urgent to ensure that the benefits for human health are aligned with environmental preservation and respect the sociocultural aspects of individuals.
可持续饮食肠道菌群组成及功能的研究
肠道微生物群是保持健康和预防疾病的关键因素。然而,定义一个健康的肠道微生物群是复杂的,因为它受到几个因素的调节,如宿主遗传、性别、年龄、地理区域、药物使用,尤其是饮食。虽然健康的饮食已被证明可以增加微生物α和β的多样性,并促进与健康有关的细菌的增殖,但考虑到当前的环境和营养危机,如气候变化、水资源短缺、多样性丧失和肥胖大流行,应该强调的是,健康的饮食并不总是可持续的。可持续饮食是一种饮食模式,可促进人们健康和福祉的各个方面,同时对环境施加的压力较小,并且可获得、负担得起、安全、公平且在文化上可接受。可持续性饮食的例子有EAT-Lancet委员会的全球健康饮食,或适合具体情况的地域饮食,如地中海饮食和传统墨西哥饮食(milpa饮食)。这些饮食主要是植物性的,但也包括少量或适量的动物性食物。迫切需要描述可持续饮食对肠道微生物群的影响,以确保对人类健康的益处与环境保护相一致,并尊重个人的社会文化方面。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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